1. Iziseko ze-AGV: Intshayelelo kwiZithuthi eziQhutywayo ngokuzenzekelayo

1.1 Intshayelelo

Isithuthi esilawulwa ngokuzenzekelayo (i-AGV) yirobhothi ehambayo ekwaziyo ukulandela indlela ecwangcisiweyo kwangaphambili okanye iseti yemiyalelo, kwaye ibhetri ye-lithium ye-24V luluhlu lweebhetri ezidumileyo ezisetyenziswa kwi-AGV. Ezi robhothi zihlala zisetyenziswa kwizicelo zokuvelisa kunye nezothutho, apho zinokusetyenziselwa ukuthutha izinto, izinto, kunye neempahla ezigqityiweyo kuyo yonke indawo okanye phakathi kweendawo ezahlukeneyo.

Ii-AGV zihlala zixhotyiswe ngee-sensors kunye nezinye izixhobo zokuhamba, ezizivumela ukuba zibone kwaye ziphendule kutshintsho olukwindawo ezikuyo. Umzekelo, zinokusebenzisa iikhamera, ii-laser scanners, okanye ezinye ii-sensors ukubona imiqobo endleleni yazo, kwaye zilungise indlela yazo okanye isantya sayo ngokufanelekileyo.

Ii-AGV zinokuza ngeemilo ezahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu obahlukeneyo, kuxhomekeke kwisicelo esithile kunye neemfuno. Ezinye ii-AGV zenzelwe ukuhamba ngeendlela ezizinzileyo okanye iindlela, ngelixa ezinye ziguquguquka ngakumbi kwaye zinokuhambahamba ngaphaya kwemiqobo okanye zilandele iindlela ezahlukeneyo kuxhomekeke kwimeko.

Ii-AGV zinokucwangciswa ukuba zenze imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zesicelo. Umzekelo, zingasetyenziselwa ukuthutha izinto eziluhlaza ukusuka kwindawo yokugcina impahla ukuya kumgca wemveliso, okanye ukuhambisa iimveliso ezigqityiweyo ukusuka kwindawo yokuvelisa ukuya kwiziko lokuhambisa.

Ii-AGV zingasetyenziswa nakwezinye iinkqubo, njengakwizibhedlele okanye kwezinye iindawo zonyango. Umzekelo, zinokusetyenziselwa ukuthutha izinto zonyango, izixhobo, okanye inkunkuma kuyo yonke indawo, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokungenelela kwabantu. Zingasetyenziswa nakwiindawo zokuthengisa, apho zinokusetyenziselwa ukuhambisa iimpahla ukusuka kwindawo yokugcina impahla ukuya kwivenkile yokuthengisa okanye kwenye indawo.

Ii-AGV zinokubonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi kuneendlela zemveli zokuphatha izinto ngesandla. Umzekelo, zinokunciphisa isidingo somsebenzi wabantu, nto leyo enokunceda ukunciphisa iindleko nokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle. Zinokunceda ekunciphiseni umngcipheko wokwenzakala okanye iingozi, njengoko zinokusebenza kwiindawo apho kusenokungabi nakhuseleko ebantwini ukwenza njalo.

Ii-AGV zinokubonelela ngokuguquguquka okukhulu kunye nokukhula, njengoko zinokucwangciswa ngokutsha okanye zilungiswe ngokutsha ukuze zenze imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo njengoko kufuneka. Oku kunokuba baluleke ngakumbi kwiindawo zokuvelisa okanye zothutho, apho utshintsho kwimfuno okanye kwiimfuno zemveliso lunokufuna iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo zokuphatha izinto.

Lilonke, ii-AGV zizixhobo ezinamandla zokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nemveliso kumacandelo amaninzi ahlukeneyo kunye nezicelo. Njengoko iteknoloji iqhubeka iphucula, kusenokwenzeka ukuba siza kubona ii-AGV eziphucukileyo nezikwaziyo ngakumbi kwixesha elizayo, ziphucula ngakumbi amandla kunye neenzuzo zezi matshini zisebenzisekayo.

1.2 Ibhetri ye-LIAO: Umvelisi weBhetri ye-AGV oPhambili

Ibhetri yeLIAOyinkampani ehamba phambili yokuvelisa iibhetri eTshayina enikezela ngezisombululo zebhetri ezithembekileyo nezingobuchwephesha kumashishini ahlukeneyo afana ne-AGV, irobhothi, kunye namandla elanga. Le nkampani igxile ekuboneleleni ngebhetri yeLiFePO4 ukuze ithathe indawo yeebhetri ze-lead-acid kwizicelo ezininzi. Phakathi koluhlu lwemveliso yabo edumileyo kukho ibhetri ye-lithium engama-24V, esetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-AGV. Ngokuzibophelela kwabo kumgangatho kunye nokwaneliseka kwabathengi, iManly Battery liqabane elithembekileyo kumashishini afuna izisombululo zebhetri ezithembekileyo.

2. Uhlalutyo lweempawu zobugcisa zebhetri ye-lithium engama-24v kwi-AGV

2.1 Ukutshaja nokukhupha iimpawu zangoku zebhetri ye-lithium ye-24v

Ukutshaja nokukhupha umbane kwiibhetri ze-lithium ze-AGV ngokusisiseko kuhlala kungaguquki, nto leyo eyahlukileyo kwiimoto zombane ezinokuba nemisinga ephezulu yexeshana kwiimeko zokusebenza zokwenyani. Ibhetri ye-lithium ye-AGV ngokubanzi itshaja ngombane ongaguqukiyo we-1C ukuya kwi-2C de kufikelelwe kwi-voltage yokukhusela kwaye ukutshaja kupheliswe. Umsinga wokukhupha umbane kwibhetri ye-lithium ye-AGV wahlulwe waba yimisinga engakhutshelwanga nelayishiweyo, kwaye umsinga ophezulu olayishiweyo awudluli kwizinga lokukhupha umbane we-1C. Kwiimeko ezizinzileyo, umsinga wokuhlawula nokukhupha umbane we-AGV ngokusisiseko uzinzile ngaphandle kokuba amandla ayo omthwalo atshintsha. Le ndlela yokutshaja nokukhupha umbane iluncedo ngokwenene kwiIbhetri ye-lithium engama-24v,ngakumbi ekusetyenzisweni kweebhetri ze-lithium iron phosphate, ngakumbi xa kujongwa ukubala i-SOC.

2.2 Iimpawu zobunzulu bokutshaja nokukhupha itshaja zebhetri ye-lithium engama-24v

Kwintsimi ye-AGV, ukutshaja nokukhupha ibhetri ye-lithium engama-24v kudla ngokuba kwimo "yokutshaja okuncinci kunye nokukhupha okuncinci". Ekubeni imoto ye-AGV isebenza rhoqo kwaye kufuneka ibuyele kwindawo emiselweyo yokutshaja, akunakwenzeka ukukhupha wonke umbane ngexesha lenkqubo yokukhupha, kungenjalo, imoto ayinakubuyela kwindawo yokutshaja. Ngokwesiqhelo, malunga ne-30% yombane igcinelwe ukuthintela iimfuno zombane ezilandelayo. Kwangaxeshanye, ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kwabasebenzi kunye nokusetyenziswa rhoqo, izithuthi ze-AGV zihlala zisebenzisa ukutshaja okukhawulezayo kombane oqhubekayo, ngelixa iibhetri ze-lithium zemveli zifuna ukutshaja "kombane oqhubekayo + umbane oqhubekayo". Kwiibhetri ze-lithium ze-AGV, ukutshaja kombane oqhubekayo kwenziwa de kube yi-voltage yokukhusela ephezulu, kwaye imoto igqiba ngokuzenzekelayo ukuba ibhetri itshajiwe ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, enyanisweni, iingxaki "zokwahlulahlula" zinokukhokelela ekubonakaleni "kombane ongeyonyani", oko kuthetha ukuba ibhetri ayifikanga kwi-100% yomthamo wayo wokutshaja.

3. Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-AGV ngeebhetri zeLithium ezingama-24V endaweni yeebhetri zeLead Acid

Xa kufikwa ekukhetheni ibhetri yezicelo ze-AGV, kukho izinto ezininzi ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Esinye sezigqibo ezibalulekileyo kukuba kusetyenziswe ibhetri ye-lithium engama-24V okanye ibhetri ye-lead acid engama-24V. Zombini ezi ntlobo zinezibonelelo kunye neengxaki zazo, kwaye ukhetho luya kuxhomekeka kwiimfuno ezithile zesicelo.

Enye yezona nzuzo zibalulekileyo zeebhetri ze-lithium ezingama-24V, njengebhetri ye-24V 50Ah lifepo4, kukuphila kwazo ixesha elide. Iibhetri zeLithium zinokutshajwa kwaye zikhutshwe amaxesha amaninzi kuneebhetri ze-lead acid, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zibe lolona khetho lufanelekileyo kwii-AGV apho ibhetri inokuthi isetyenziswe kakhulu ixesha elide.

Enye inzuzo yeebhetri ze-lithium bubunzima bazo obukhaphukhaphu. Ii-AGV zifuna ibhetri enokunika amandla aneleyo okuhambisa imoto kunye nayo nayiphi na imithwalo ethweleyo, kodwa ibhetri kufuneka ibe lula ukuze ithintele ukuba imoto ingahambi kakuhle. Iibhetri ze-lithium zihlala zikhaphukhaphu kakhulu kuneebhetri ze-lead acid, nto leyo eyenza zibe lukhetho oluhle kakhulu kwii-AGV.

Ukongeza kubunzima, ixesha lokutshaja lelinye icandelo elibalulekileyo ekufuneka liqwalaselwe. Iibhetri zeLithium zinokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kuneebhetri zeLead acid, oko kuthetha ukuba ii-AGV zinokuchitha ixesha elininzi zisetyenziswa kwaye zingachithi xesha lininzi zitshaja. Oku kunokuphucula imveliso kwaye kunciphise ixesha lokungasebenzi.

I-discharge curve yenye into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka iqwalaselwe xa ukhetha ibhetri yezicelo ze-AGV. I-discharge curve ibhekisa kwi-voltage yebhetri kumjikelo wokukhupha. Iibhetri zeLithium zine-discharge curve ethe tyaba kuneebhetri ze-lead acid, oko kuthetha ukuba i-voltage ihlala ihambelana ngakumbi kulo lonke umjikelo wokukhupha. Oku kunokubonelela ngokusebenza okuzinzileyo ngakumbi kwaye kunciphise umngcipheko wokonakala kwi-elektroniki ze-AGV.

Okokugqibela, ukugcinwa kwebhetri yenye into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka iqwalaselwe. Iibhetri ze-lead acid zifuna ukugcinwa okungaphezulu kuneebhetri ze-lithium, nto leyo enokunyusa iindleko zobunini bayo ubomi bonke bebhetri. Iibhetri ze-lithium, kwelinye icala, zihlala zingenakugcinwa, nto leyo enokonga ixesha nemali.

Lilonke, kukho iingenelo ezininzi zokusebenzisa ibhetri ye-lithium engama-24V, njengeIbhetri ye-24V 60Ah lifepo4,kwii-AGV applications. Zihlala ixesha elide, zilula, zitshaja ngokukhawuleza, zinomphetho othe tyaba wokukhupha, kwaye azidingi ukugcinwa okuninzi. Ezi zibonelelo zinokubangela ukusebenza okuphuculweyo, imveliso, kunye nokonga iindleko ebomini bebhetri, nto leyo ezenza zibe lukhetho oluhle kakhulu kwii-AGV applications.

Indlela yokutshaja nokukhupha itshaja “engenamsebenzi kunye nokukhupha ishaja encinci” iluncedo ekwandiseni ubomi benkonzo yeebhetri ze-lithium-ion. Nangona kunjalo, kwinkqubo yebhetri ye-lithium iron phosphate, kukwakho nengxaki yokulinganiswa kwe-algorithm ye-SOC okungalunganga.

2.3 Ubomi benkonzo yebhetri ye-lithium engama-24v

Iibhetri ze-lithium iron phosphate zinobomi obude benkonzo, kunye nenani lemijikelo yokutshaja epheleleyo kunye nokukhupha iiseli zebhetri ingaphezulu kwamaxesha angama-2000. Nangona kunjalo, inani lemijikelo kwiphakheji yebhetri liyancitshiswa ngokusekelwe kwimiba efana nokungaguquguquki kweseli yebhetri kunye nokuchithwa kobushushu bangoku, okunxulumene kakhulu noyilo lwevolthi kunye nolwakhiwo, kunye nenkqubo yephakheji yebhetri. Kwiibhetri ze-lithium ze-AGV, ubomi bomjikelo phantsi kwendlela "yokutshaja okuncinci kunye nokukhupha okuncinci" buphezulu kakhulu kunobo phantsi kwendlela yokutshaja epheleleyo kunye nokukhupha. Ngokubanzi, okukhona ubunzulu bokutshaja nokukhupha buphantsi, kokukhona inani lemijikelo, kunye nobomi bomjikelo bunxulumene kakhulu nexesha lomjikelo we-SOC. Idatha ibonisa ukuba ukuba iphakheji yebhetri inomjikelo wokutshaja okupheleleyo kunye nokukhupha ophindwe ka-1000, inani lemijikelo kwisithuba se-0-30% SOC (30% DOD) lingadlula amaxesha angama-4000, kwaye inani lemijikelo kwisithuba se-70% ukuya kwi-100% SOC (30% DOD) lingadlula amaxesha angama-3200. Kuyabonakala ukuba ubomi bomjikelo bunxulumene ngokusondeleyo nexesha le-SOC kunye nobunzulu bokukhupha i-DOD, kwaye ubomi bomjikelo weebhetri ze-lithium-ion bunxulumene ngokusondeleyo nobushushu, ukutshaja kunye nokukhupha umsinga, kunye nezinye izinto, ezingenakwenziwa ngokubanzi.

Ukuqukumbela, iibhetri ze-lithium ze-AGV zezinye zezinto eziphambili kwiirobhothi eziphathwayo, kwaye kufuneka sizihlalutye size siziqonde nzulu, ngakumbi xa zidibene neemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa kweerobhothi ezahlukeneyo, ukuze sifumanise iimpawu zazo zokusebenza kwaye siqinise ukuqonda kwethu ukusetyenziswa kweebhetri ze-lithium, ukuze iibhetri ze-lithium zikwazi ukukhonza ngcono iirobhothi eziphathwayo.