Imfihlo kubomi obude beebhetri ezinokutshajwa kwakhona inokulala ekwamkeleni umahluko.Imodeli entsha yendlela iiseli ze-lithium-ion kwipakethi zithobisa ngayo zibonisa indlela yokulungelelanisa ukutshaja kumthamo weseli nganye ukuze iibhetri ze-EV zikwazi ukusingatha imijikelo yentlawulo eninzi kwaye zithintele ukusilela.

Uphando, olupapashwe ngoNovemba 5 ngoIiNtengiselwano zeIEEE kwiTekhnoloji yeeNkqubo zoLawulo, ibonisa indlela yokulawula ngokusebenzayo umthamo wombane oqukuqelayo kwiseli nganye ekwipakethi, kunokuzisa intlawulo ngokufanayo, kunokunciphisa ukuguga nokukrazuka.Indlela esebenzayo ivumela iseli nganye ukuba iphile ubomi bayo obungcono - kunye nobona bude - ubomi.

Ngokukanjingalwazi waseStanford kunye nombhali omkhulu wesifundo uSimona Onori, ukulinganisa kokuqala kubonisa ukuba iibhetri ezilawulwa ngetekhnoloji entsha zinokuphatha ubuncinci imijikelo yokukhupha intlawulo eyi-20%, nokuba itshaja ngokukhawuleza rhoqo, ebeka uxinzelelo olongezelelekileyo ebhetri.

Uninzi lwemizamo yangaphambili yokwandisa ubomi bebhetri yemoto yombane igxile ekuphuculeni uyilo, imathiriyeli, kunye nokuveliswa kweeseli enye, ngokusekwe kwisiseko sokuba, njengamakhonkco ekhonkco, ipakethi yebhetri ilungile kuphela njengeyona seli ibuthathaka.Uphononongo olutsha luqala ngokuqonda ukuba ngelixa amakhonkco abuthathaka engenakuthintelwa - ngenxa yokungafezeki kwaye ezinye iiseli ziwohloka ngokukhawuleza kunezinye njengoko zisesichengeni soxinzelelo olunjengobushushu - akufuneki ziyihlise yonke ipakethe.Undoqo kukulungelelanisa amaxabiso okutshaja ngokwesakhono esisodwa seseli nganye ukunqanda ukusilela.

"Ukuba ayilungiswanga kakuhle, i-heterogeneity yeseli-to-cell inokubeka esichengeni ubomi obude, impilo, kunye nokhuseleko lwebhetri kwaye ibangele ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwebhetri," utshilo u-Onori, ongunjingalwazi oncedisayo kubunjineli besayensi yamandla eStanford Doerr. Isikolo soZinzo."Indlela yethu ilinganisa amandla kwiseli nganye ekwipakethe, izisa zonke iiseli kwindawo ekujoliswe kuyo yokuhlawula ngendlela elungeleleneyo kunye nokuphucula ubomi obude bepakethe."

Iphefumlelwe ukwakha ibhetri yesigidi seemayile

Inxalenye yempembelelo yophando olutsha ibuyela emva kwisibhengezo sika-2020 sikaTesla, inkampani yeemoto zombane, emsebenzini "kwibhetri yesigidi seemayile."Oku kuya kuba yibhetri ekwazi ukunika amandla imoto kwi-1 yezigidi zeekhilomitha okanye ngaphezulu (ngokutshaja rhoqo) ngaphambi kokufikelela kwindawo apho, njengebhetri ye-lithium-ion kwifowuni endala okanye i-laptop, ibhetri ye-EV ibamba intlawulo encinci kakhulu ukuba isebenze. .

Ibhetri elolu hlobo ingagqitha iwaranti yemoto yombane yeminyaka esibhozo okanye iimayile ezili-100,000.Nangona iipakethi zebhetri zihlala zidlula iwaranti yazo, ukuzithemba kwabathengi kwizithuthi zombane kunokomelezwa ukuba iibhetri ezitshintshileyo ezitshintshileyo ziye zinqabile.Ibhetri enokuthi ibambe intlawulo emva kokutshaja amawaka-waka kwakhona inokuyenza lula indlela yokufakelwa kombane kwiilori ezihamba ixesha elide, kunye nokwamkelwa kwezinto ezibizwa ngokuba ziinkqubo zemoto ukuya kwigridi, apho iibhetri ze-EV ziya kugcina kwaye zithumele amandla avuselelekayo igridi yamandla.

"Kwaye kwacaciswa kamva ukuba ingcamango yebhetri yesigidi seemayile yayingeyona chemistry entsha, kodwa yindlela nje yokusebenzisa ibhetri ngokungasebenzisi uluhlu olupheleleyo lwentlawulo," utshilo u-Onori.Uphando olunxulumeneyo lugxile kwiiseli ze-lithium-ion enye, ezingaphulukani nomthamo wentlawulo ngokukhawuleza njengoko iipakethi zebhetri ezigcweleyo zenza.

Ngomdla, u-Onori kunye nabaphandi ababini kwilebhu yakhe - umphengululi we-postdoctoral uVahid Azimi kunye nomfundi we-PhD u-Anirudh Allam - bagqibe kwelokuba baphande ukuba ulawulo lobuchule lweentlobo zebhetri ezikhoyo kunokuphucula njani ukusebenza kunye nobomi benkonzo yepakethi yebhetri epheleleyo, enokuba namakhulu okanye amawaka eeseli. .

Imodeli yebhetri ethembekileyo

Njengesinyathelo sokuqala, abaphandi benza imodeli yekhompyutheni ethembekileyo yokuziphatha kwebhetri emele ngokuchanekileyo utshintsho lomzimba kunye neekhemikhali ezenzeka ngaphakathi kwebhetri ngexesha lokusebenza kwayo.Olunye lwezi nguqu ziyenzeka kwimizuzwana okanye imizuzu - ezinye kwiinyanga okanye iminyaka.

"Ngokolwazi lwethu, akukho sifundo esidlulileyo sisebenzise uhlobo oluphezulu lokuthembeka, imodeli yamaxesha amaninzi ebhetri esiyidalileyo," watsho u-Onori, ongumlawuli weLebhu yokuLawula amandla eStanford.

Ukulinganisa okusebenzayo kunye nemodeli kucetyiswe ukuba ipakethi yebhetri yanamhlanje inokuphuculwa kwaye ilawulwe ngokwamkela umahluko phakathi kweeseli zayo.U-Onori kunye noogxa babo bacinga ukuba imodeli yabo isetyenziselwa ukukhokela uphuhliso lweenkqubo zolawulo lwebhetri kwiminyaka ezayo enokuthi isasazwe ngokulula kuyilo lwezithuthi olukhoyo.

Ayizizo izithuthi zombane kuphela ezimele inzuzo.Phantse nasiphi na isicelo "esicinezela ipakethi yebhetri kakhulu" inokuba ngumgqatswa olungileyo wolawulo olungcono oluziswa ziziphumo ezitsha, utshilo u-Onori.Umzekelo omnye?Inqwelomoya efana neDrone enokumka kombane ngokuthe nkqo kunye nokufika, ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba yi-eVTOL, abathi abanye oosomashishini balindele ukusebenza njengeteksi zomoya kwaye babonelele ngezinye iinkonzo zokuhamba emoyeni ezidolophini kule minyaka ilishumi izayo.Sekunjalo, ezinye izicelo zeebhetri ze-lithium-ion ezinokutshajwa kwakhona, kubandakanywa ukuhamba ngenqwelomoya ngokubanzi kunye nokugcinwa okukhulu kwamandla ahlaziyekayo.

"Iibhetri zeLithium-ion sele zitshintshile ihlabathi ngeendlela ezininzi," utshilo u-Onori."Kubalulekile ukuba sifumane okuninzi kangangoko sinakho kolu tshintsho lwetekhnoloji kunye nabo baza kungena ezihlangwini zabo."