Ngokutsho kwesithethi kwintlanganiso yeebhetri, “Ubuchule bokwenziwa buyenza ibhetri ibe yeyasekhaya, nto leyo esisilwanyana sasendle.” Kunzima ukubona utshintsho kwibhetri njengoko isetyenziswa; nokuba itshajiwe ngokupheleleyo okanye ayinanto, intsha okanye igugile kwaye ifuna ukutshintshwa, ihlala ibonakala ifana. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, itayara yemoto iya konakala xa umoya uphantsi kwaye iya kubonisa ukuphela kwayo xa iintambo zigugile.
Imiba emithathu ichaza iingxaki zebhetri: [1] umsebenzisi akaqinisekanga ukuba ipakethi ishiyeke ixesha elingakanani; [2] umphathi akaqinisekanga ukuba ibhetri ingahlangabezana neemfuno zamandla na; kwaye [3] itshaja kufuneka yenziwe ngokwezifiso ngokobungakanani bebhetri kunye nekhemistri nganye. Ibhetri "ekrelekrele" ithembisa ukujongana nezinye zezi ngxaki, kodwa izisombululo zintsonkothile.
Abasebenzisi beebhetri badla ngokucinga ngepakethi yebhetri njengenkqubo yokugcina amandla ekhupha ipetroli engamanzi njengetanki yepetroli. Ibhetri ingajongwa njalo ngenxa yokuba lula, kodwa ukulinganisa amandla agcinwe kwisixhobo se-electrochemical kunzima kakhulu.
Njengoko ibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo elawula ukusebenza kwebhetri ye-lithium ikhona, i-lithium ithathwa njengebhetri ekrelekrele. Nangona kunjalo, ibhetri ye-lead acid evaliweyo eqhelekileyo ayinalo naluphi na ulawulo lwebhodi lokuphucula ukusebenza kwayo.
Yintoni ibhetri ekrelekrele?
Nayiphi na ibhetri enenkqubo yokulawula ibhetri eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ithathwa njengekrelekrele. Isetyenziswa rhoqo kwizixhobo ezikrelekrele, kuquka iikhompyutha kunye nezixhobo ze-elektroniki eziphathwayo. Ibhetri ekrelekrele inesekethe ye-elektroniki ngaphakathi kunye nezinzwa ezinokujonga iimpawu ezifana nempilo yomsebenzisi kunye ne-voltage kunye namanqanaba angoku kwaye zidlulisele ezo zibalo kwisixhobo.
Iibhetri ezikrelekrele ziyakwazi ukubona iiparameter zazo zemeko yokutshaja kunye nemeko yempilo, ezinokufikelelwa sisixhobo ngoqhagamshelo lwedatha olukhethekileyo. Ibhetri ekrelekrele, ngokungafaniyo nebhetri ekrelekrele, inokudlulisela lonke ulwazi olufanelekileyo kwisixhobo nakumsebenzisi, ivumela ukuba kwenziwe izigqibo ezifanelekileyo. Kwelinye icala, ibhetri ekrelekrele ayinandlela yokwazisa isixhobo okanye umsebenzisi ngemeko yaso, nto leyo enokubangela ukusebenza okungalindelekanga. Umzekelo, ibhetri inokwazisa umsebenzisi xa kufuneka itshajwe okanye xa isondela esiphelweni sayo okanye yonakele nangayiphi na indlela ukuze kuthengwe enye endaweni yayo. Inokwazisa umsebenzisi xa kufuneka itshintshwe. Ngokwenza oku, uninzi lokungaqikeleli okubangelwa zizixhobo ezindala—ezinokungasebenzi kakuhle ngamaxesha abalulekileyo—kunokuphetshwa.
Iinkcukacha zeBhetri ekrelekrele
Ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kwemveliso, ukhuseleko, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwayo, ibhetri, itshaja ekrelekrele, kunye nesixhobo somsingathi zonke ziyanxibelelana. Umzekelo, ibhetri ekrelekrele kufuneka itshajwe xa kuyimfuneko endaweni yokuba ifakwe kwinkqubo yomsingathi ukuze isebenzise amandla rhoqo nangokungaguquguqukiyo. Iibhetri ezikrelekrele zihlala zijonga amandla azo xa zitshaja, zikhupha, okanye zigcina. Ukuze zibone utshintsho kubushushu bebhetri, izinga lokutshaja, izinga lokukhupha, njl.njl., igeyiji yebhetri isebenzisa izinto ezithile. Iibhetri ezikrelekrele zihlala zineempawu ezizilungelelanisayo neziguquguqukayo. Ukusebenza kwebhetri kuya konakaliswa kukugcinwa kwetshaja epheleleyo. Ukukhusela ibhetri, ibhetri ekrelekrele inokukhupha i-voltage yokugcina njengoko kufuneka kwaye isebenze umsebenzi wokugcina okrelekrele njengoko kufuneka.
Ngokwaziswa kweebhetri ezikrelekrele, abasebenzisi, izixhobo, kunye nebhetri bonke banokunxibelelana. Abavelisi kunye nemibutho elawulayo bayahluka kwindlela ibhetri "ekrelekrele" ngayo. Ibhetri ekrelekrele esisiseko ingabandakanya kuphela itshiphu eyalela itshaja yebhetri ukuba isebenzise i-algorithm yokutshaja efanelekileyo. Kodwa, iForam yeSmart Battery System (SBS) ayizukuyithatha njengebhetri ekrelekrele ngenxa yemfuno yayo yeempawu eziphambili, ezibalulekileyo kwizixhobo zonyango, zomkhosi, kunye nezekhompyutha apho kungekho ndawo yokwenza impazamo.
Ubulumko benkqubo kufuneka bube ngaphakathi kwiphakheji yebhetri ngenxa yokuba ukhuseleko lolunye lwezona zinto ziphambili ezixhalabisayo. Itshiphusi elawula itshaja yebhetri isetyenziswa yibhetri ye-SBS, kwaye isebenzisana nayo ngendlela evaliweyo. Ibhetri yekhemikhali ithumela imiqondiso ye-analogue kwitshaja eyiyalela ukuba iyeke ukutshaja xa ibhetri igcwele. Kongezwe ukuva ubushushu. Abavelisi abaninzi bebhetri ezikrelekrele namhlanje banikezela ngetekhnoloji yokulinganisa ipetroli eyaziwa ngokuba yiSystem Management Bus (SMBus), edibanisa ubuchwepheshe betshiphusi yesekethe edibeneyo (IC) kwiinkqubo zentambo enye okanye ezimbini.
IDallas Semiconductor Inc. ityhile i-1-Wire, inkqubo yokulinganisa esebenzisa intambo enye yokunxibelelana ngesantya esiphantsi. Idatha kunye newotshi ziyadityaniswa kwaye zithunyelwe kumgca omnye. Kwicala lokufumana, ikhowudi yaseManchester, eyaziwa ngokuba yikhowudi yesigaba, yahlula idatha. Ikhowudi yebhetri kunye nedatha, efana ne-voltage yayo, umbane, ubushushu, kunye neenkcukacha zeSoC, zigcinwa kwaye zilandelelwa yi-1-Wire. Kwiibhetri ezininzi, intambo eyahlukileyo yokuva ubushushu iqhutywa ngeenjongo zokhuseleko. Inkqubo ibandakanya itshaja kunye neprotokholi yayo. Kwinkqubo ye-Benchmarq single-wire, uvavanyo lwemeko yempilo (SoH) lufuna "ukudibanisa" isixhobo somsingathi nebhetri yaso eyabelweyo.
I-1-Wire ifuna iinkqubo zokugcina amandla ezixabisa kancinci ezifana neebhetri zesikena sebhakhowudi, iibhetri zerediyo ezijongana neendlela ezimbini, kunye neebhetri zomkhosi ngenxa yexabiso layo eliphantsi lezixhobo.
Inkqubo yeBhetri ekrelekrele
Nayiphi na ibhetri ekhoyo kwisixhobo esiphathwayo esiqhelekileyo yiseli yamandla ekhemikhali "engacacanga". Ukufundwa "okuthathwe" sisixhobo somsingathi kusebenza njengesiseko sokulinganisa ibhetri, uqikelelo lomthamo, kunye nezinye izigqibo zokusetyenziswa kwamandla. Olu kufundwa luhlala lusekelwe kubungakanani bevolthi ehamba ukusuka kwibhetri ukuya kwisixhobo somsingathi okanye, (ngendlela engachanekanga), kukufundwa okuthathwe yiCoulomb Counter kwihost. Ngokuyintloko zixhomekeke kumsebenzi wokuqikelela.
Kodwa, ngenkqubo yolawulo lwamandla ekrelekrele, ibhetri iyakwazi "ukwazisa" ngokuchanekileyo umninimzi ukuba usenamandla angakanani kunye nendlela afuna ukutshajwa ngayo.
Ukuze imveliso ikhuseleke, isebenze kakuhle, kwaye isebenze kakuhle, ibhetri, itshaja ekrelekrele, kunye nesixhobo somsingathi zonke ziyanxibelelana. Iibhetri ezikrelekrele, umzekelo, azifaki "ukutsala" okuqhubekayo, okuzinzileyo kwinkqubo yomsingathi; endaweni yoko, zicela nje ukutshaja xa zikufuna. Iibhetri ezikrelekrele ke ngoko zinenkqubo yokutshaja esebenza ngcono. Ngokucebisa isixhobo saso somsingathi ukuba sivale nini ngokusekelwe kuvavanyo lwaso lomthamo oseleyo, iibhetri ezikrelekrele zinokunyusa umjikelo "wexesha lokusebenza ngokukhupha". Le ndlela idlula izixhobo "ezingenangqondo" ezisebenzisa ukunqunyulwa kwevolthi emiselweyo ngomda obanzi.
Ngenxa yoko, iinkqubo eziphathwayo ezibambayo ezisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bebhetri ekrelekrele zinokunika abathengi ulwazi oluchanekileyo noluluncedo lwexesha lokusebenza. Kwizixhobo ezinemisebenzi ebalulekileyo, xa ukulahleka kombane kungengokhetho, oku ngokungathandabuzekiyo kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Matshi-08-2023