Ngaba ufuna ukugcina imoto yakho yombane isebenza ixesha elide kangangoko kunokwenzeka?Nantsi into ekufuneka uyenzile

Ukuba uthenge enye yeemoto zombane ezilungileyo kakhulu, uyazi ukuba ukugcina ibhetri yayo isempilweni yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yobunini.Ukugcina ibhetri isempilweni kuthetha ukuba inokugcina amandla amaninzi, aguqulela ngokuthe ngqo kuluhlu lokuqhuba.Ibhetri ekwimeko ephezulu iya kuba nobomi obude, ixabisa ngaphezulu ukuba ugqibe ekubeni uyithengise, kwaye akusayi kufuna ukutshajwa rhoqo.Ngamanye amazwi, kukowona mdla wabo bonke abanini be-EV ukwazi ukuba iibhetri zabo zisebenza njani into ekufuneka yenziwe ukugcina ibhetri yemoto yombane isempilweni.

Isebenza njani ibhetri yemoto yombane?

Iibhetri ye-lithium-ionkwinqwelo-mafutha yakho ayisebenzi yahlukile kwibhetri kulo naliphi na inani lezixhobo onazo ngoku - nokuba yilaptop, i-smartphone okanye isibini esilula seebhetri zeAA.Nangona zikhulu kakhulu, kwaye ziza nenkqubela phambili enkulu kakhulu okanye ebiza kakhulu kwiigajethi ezincinci zemihla ngemihla.

Iseli nganye yebhetri ye-lithium-ion yakhiwe ngendlela efanayo, kunye namacandelo amabini ahlukeneyo athi i-lithium ion ikwazi ukuhamba phakathi kwayo.I-anode yebhetri ikwicandelo elinye, ngelixa i-cathode ikwelinye.Amandla okwenene aqokelelwa yi-lithium ion, ehamba ngaphesheya kwesahluli ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yebhetri.

Xa ikhupha, ezo ion zihamba ukusuka kwi-anode ukuya kwi-cathode, kwaye ngokuphambeneyo xa ibhetri ihlaziya kwakhona.Ukusasazwa kwee-ion kudibene ngokuthe ngqo kwinqanaba lentlawulo.Ibhetri egcwaliswe ngokupheleleyo iya kuba nazo zonke ii-ion kwelinye icala leseli, ngelixa ibhetri ephelelweyo iya kuba nayo kwelinye.Intlawulo ye-50% ithetha ukuba zahlulwe ngokulinganayo phakathi kwezi zimbini, njalo njalo.Kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba ukuhamba kwee-ion ze-lithium ngaphakathi kwebhetri kubangela inani elincinci loxinzelelo.Ngenxa yeso sizathu iibhetri ze-lithium-ion ziphela zithotywa kwisithuba seminyaka eliqela, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni enye oyenzayo.Sesinye sezizathu zokuba kutheni itekhnoloji yebhetri esebenzayo ifunwa kakhulu.

Ibhetri yesibini yeemoto zombane nayo ibalulekile

Iimoto zombane ngokwenene ziquka iibhetri ezimbini.Ibhetri ephambili ibhetri enkulu ye-lithium-ion eyenza ukuba imoto ihambe, ngelixa ibhetri yesibini ijongene neenkqubo zombane ezisezantsi.Le battery inika amandla izinto ezifana nezitshixo zamacango, iclimate control, icomputer yemoto njalo njalo.Ngamanye amazwi, zonke iinkqubo ezinokuthi ziqhotse ukuba zizama ukutsala amandla ombane anamanani amathathu aveliswe yibhetri enkulu.

Kwinani elikhulu leemoto zombane, le bhetri yibhetri ye-lead-asidi eqhelekileyo ye-12V oya kuyifumana kuyo nayiphi na enye imoto.Abanye abenzi be-automakers, kubandakanywa nokuthandwa kweTesla, baye batshintshela kwiindlela ezizezinye ze-lithium-ion, nangona injongo yokugqibela iyafana.

Ngokuqhelekileyo awudingi kuzikhathaza ngale bhetri.Ukuba izinto azihambi kakuhle, njengoko zisenokwenza kuyo nayiphi na inqwelo-mafutha esebenza ngepetroli, unokuyicombulula ngokwakho le ngxaki.Jonga ukuba ibhetri ifile na, kwaye inokuvuselelwa ngetshaja ekhohlisayo okanye ngokutsiba isiqalo, okanye kwimeko embi kakhulu uyitshintshele entsha kraca.Ngokuqhelekileyo zibiza phakathi kwe-$45 kunye ne-250 yeedola, kwaye inokufumaneka nakweyiphi na ivenkile efanelekileyo yezixhobo zemoto.(qaphela ukuba awukwazi ukutsiba-ukuqala eyona nto iphambili ye-EV

Ke uyigcina njani ibhetri yemoto yombane isempilweni?
Ngethuba lokuqala abanikazi be-EV, ithemba lokugcina umbaneibhetri yemotokwimeko ephezulu kunokubonakala kunzima.Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, ukuba ibhetri iyancipha ukuya kwinqanaba lokuba imoto ingasetyenziswa, ukulungiswa kuphela kukuthenga imoto entsha - okanye uchithe amawaka eedola kwibhetri yokutshintsha.Akukho nanye kuyo eyindlela entle ethandekayo.

Ngethamsanqa ukugcina ibhetri yakho isempilweni kulula kakhulu, kufuna uqwalaselo oluncinci kunye nomzamo omncinci.Nantsi into ekufuneka uyenzile:

★Gcina intlawulo yakho phakathi kwe-20% kunye ne-80% nanini na kunokwenzeka

Enye yezinto zonke umnini we-EV kufuneka azikhumbule kukugcina izinga lebhetri phakathi kwe-20% kunye ne-80%.Ukuqonda ukuba kutheni kubuyela kubuchwephesha bendlela iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zisebenza ngayo.Ngenxa yokuba ii-ion ze-lithium zihlala zihamba ngexesha lokusetyenziswa, ibhetri ingena phantsi koxinzelelo oluthile - olungenakuthintelwa.

Kodwa olo xinzelelo lunyamezelwe yibhetri lubi kakhulu xa ii-ion ezininzi zikwelinye icala leseli okanye kwelinye.Kulungile ukuba ushiya imoto yakho iiyure ezimbalwa, okanye ukuhlala ubusuku bonke, kodwa iqala ukuba yingxaki ukuba uhlala ushiya ibhetri ngaloo ndlela ixesha elide.

Indawo egqibeleleyo yokulinganisa ijikeleze i-50%, kuba ii-ion zahlulwe ngokulinganayo macala omabini ebhetri.Kodwa kuba loo nto ingenzeki, kulapho sifumana khona i-20-80% threshold.Nantoni na engaphaya kwaloo manqaku kwaye usemngciphekweni wokunyuka koxinzelelo kwibhetri.

Oku akuthethi ukuba awukwazi ukuyitshaja ngokupheleleyo ibhetri yakho, okanye akufanele uyivumele idiphu ngaphantsi kwe-20% ngamanye amaxesha.Ukuba ufuna uluhlu oluninzi kangangoko, okanye utyhala imoto yakho ukunqanda esinye isitophu sokutshaja, akusayi kuba sisiphelo sehlabathi.Zama nje kwaye unciphise ezi meko apho unako, kwaye ungayishiyi imoto yakho kweso simo iintsuku ezininzi ngexesha.

★Gcina ibhetri yakho ipholile

Ukuba uthenge i-EV ngokufanelekileyo kutshanje, kukho ithuba elihle kakhulu lokuba kukho iinkqubo endaweni yokugcina ibhetri kubushushu obufanelekileyo.Iibhetri zeLithium-ion azikuthandi ukuba shushu kakhulu okanye ukubanda kakhulu, kwaye ubushushu baziwa ngokukodwa ngokunyusa isantya sokonakala kwebhetri kwixesha elongeziweyo.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, oku ayisiyiyo into ofanele ukhathazeke ngayo.Iimoto zombane zanamhlanje zikholisa ukuza neenkqubo zolawulo lobushushu eliphezulu ezinokufudumeza okanye zizipholise ibhetri njengoko kufuneka.Kodwa kufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuba kuyenzeka, kuba ezo nkqubo zifuna amandla.Okukhona ubushushu bugqithise, kokukhona kufuneka amandla angakumbi ukugcina ibhetri ikhululekile-nto leyo eya kuba nefuthe kuluhlu lwakho.

Ezinye iimoto ezindala azinalawulo olusebenzayo lwe-thermal, nangona kunjalo.I-Nissan Leaf ngumzekelo obalaseleyo wemoto esebenzisa inkqubo yokupholisa ibhetri engasebenziyo.Oko kuthetha ukuba uhlala kwindawo eba shushu kakhulu, okanye uhlala uxhomekeke kwi-DC yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza, ibhetri yakho inobunzima ukuyigcina ipholile.

Akukho nto ingako onokuyenza malunga noku ngelixa uqhuba, kodwa oko kuthetha ukuba kufuneka ukhumbule apho upaka khona.Zama ukupaka ngaphakathi ukuba kunokwenzeka, okanye ubuncinci zama ukufumana indawo enomthunzi.Ayifani ncam nesigqubuthelo esisisigxina, kodwa iyanceda.Esi sisenzo esihle kubo bonke abanini be-EV, kuba oko kuthetha ukuba ulawulo lobushushu aluzukutya amandla amaninzi ngelixa ukude.Kwaye xa ubuya imoto yakho iya kuphola kancinane kunokuba bekungenjalo.

★Bukela isantya sokutshaja kwakho

Abanini beemoto zombane akufuneki boyike ukusebenzisa ukutshaja okukhawulezileyo kwetshaja ekhawulezayo yeDC.Zisisixhobo esibalulekileyo kwiimoto zombane, ezibonelela ngesantya sokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwiihambo ezinde zendlela kunye neemeko ezingxamisekileyo.Ngelishwa banento yodumo, kunye nendlela ezo santya zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza ezinokuchaphazela impilo yebhetri yexesha elide.

Nkqu nee-automakers ezifana ne-Kia (ivula kwithebhu entsha) iyaqhubeka ukukucebisa ukuba ungazisebenzisi iitshaja ezikhawulezayo rhoqo, ngenxa yenkxalabo yobunzima bebhetri yakho.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuthetha ngokubanzi ukutshaja okukhawulezayo kulungile - ngaphandle kokuba imoto yakho inenkqubo yolawulo lobushushu olwaneleyo.Nokuba lulwelo olupholileyo okanye lupholile, imoto inokuziphendulela ngokuzenzekelayo ngobushushu obugqithileyo obuveliswayo xa itshaja kwakhona.Kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba akukho zinto onokuzenza ukuze unciphise inkqubo.

Musa ukuplaga nayiphi na itshaja emotweni ngokukhawuleza ukuba umise, ukuba kunokwenzeka.Ukunika ibhetri ixesha lokuphola kunceda ukwenza lula inkqubo.Hlaziya ngaphakathi, okanye kwindawo enomthunzi, ukuba kunokwenzeka, kwaye ulinde kude kube lixesha elipholileyo lemini ukunciphisa ubushushu obugqithisileyo obujikeleze ibhetri.

Ubuncinci ukwenza ezi zinto kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba utshaja kwakhona ngokukhawuleza kancinci, kuba akukho mfuneko yokuba imoto isebenzise amandla ukupholisa ibhetri.

Ukuba imoto yakho inebhetri epholileyo, oko kukuthi, ixhomekeke kumoya ojikeleze ukucima ubushushu, uya kufuna ukuthatha ezi ngcebiso entliziyweni.Ngenxa yokuba ezo bhetri kunzima ukuzipholisa ngokukhawuleza, ubushushu bunokuqokelelana kwaye oko kunokwenzeka kakhulu ukonakalisa iibhetri ngexesha lokuphila kwemoto.Qiniseka ukuba ujonge isikhokelo sethu malunga nokuba ungayihlawulisa na imoto yakho yombane ukuba awuqinisekanga ngempembelelo enokuba nayo.

★Fumana uluhlu oluninzi kwibhetri yakho njengoko unako

Iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zilinganiselwa kuphela kwinani elithile lemijikelezo yentlawulo - intlawulo epheleleyo kunye nokukhutshwa kwebhetri.Okukhona ibhetri iqokelelana kwimijikelo yentlawulo, kokukhona kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumane ukuthotywa njengoko iiyoni ze-lithium zijikeleza iseli.

Indlela yodwa yokunciphisa inani lemijikelezo yentlawulo kukuba ungasebenzisi ibhetri, isiluleko esibi.Nangona kunjalo oko kuthetha ukuba kukho izibonelelo zokuqhuba ngokwezoqoqosho kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba ufumana uluhlu oluninzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwibhetri yakho.Ayisiyiyo le nto ilunge ngakumbi, kuba awuzukufaka iplagi phantse kakhulu, kodwa ikwanciphisa inani lemijikelo yentlawulo ibhetri yakho ehamba kuyo, eya kunceda ukuyigcina ikwimeko entle ixesha elide.

Iingcebiso ezisisiseko onokuzizama ziquka ukuqhuba nge-eco mode elayitiweyo, ukunciphisa ubunzima obugqithisileyo emotweni, ukuphepha ukuqhuba ngesantya esiphezulu (ngaphezu kweekhilomitha ezingama-60 ngeyure) kunye nokusebenzisa ithuba lokunyathela iziqhoboshi.Ikwanceda ukukhawulezisa kunye nokuqhokra kancinane nangokutyibilikayo, kunokubethelela iipedali emgangathweni ngalo lonke ithuba elikhoyo.

Ngaba ufanele ukhathazeke malunga nokonakaliswa kwebhetri kwimoto yakho yombane?

Ngokuqhelekileyo, hayi.Iibhetri zeemoto zombane zihlala zisebenza iminyaka eyi-8 ukuya kweli-10, kwaye zinokusebenza ngokugqibeleleyo ngaphaya kwelo nqanaba - nokuba oko kukuxhobisa imoto okanye ukonwabela ubomi obutsha njengogcino lwamandla.

Kodwa ukuthotywa kwendalo yinkqubo ende, eyongezelekayo eya kuthatha iminyaka eliqela ukuba ibe nefuthe lokwenyani ekusebenzeni kwebhetri.Ngokunjalo, ii-automakers beziyila iibhetri ngendlela yokuba ukonakala kwendalo kungabi nampembelelo enkulu kuluhlu lwakho kwixesha elide.

UTesla, umzekelo, amabango (ivula kwithebhu entsha) ukuba iibhetri zayo zisagcina i-90% yomthamo wazo wokuqala emva kokuqhuba iikhilomitha ezingama-200,000.Ukuba ubuqhuba ngokunganqumami ngeemayile ezingama-60 ngeyure, bekuya kukuthatha phantse iintsuku ezili-139 ukuhamba loo mgama.Umqhubi wakho ophakathi akazukuqhuba umgama ongako kungekudala.

Iibhetri zinewaranti yazo eyahlukileyo ngokunjalo.Amanani achanekileyo ayahluka, kodwa iziqinisekiso eziqhelekileyo zigubungela ibhetri kwiminyaka yokuqala esibhozo okanye i-100,000 yeemayile.Ukuba umthamo okhoyo uwela ngaphantsi kwe-70% ngelo xesha, ufumana ibhetri entsha ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle kwentlawulo.

Ukuphatha kakubi ibhetri yakho, kwaye rhoqo ukwenza yonke into ekungafanelekanga ukuba uyenzile, kuya kuyikhawulezisa inkqubo-nangona kuxhomekeke kangakanani ekubeni ungahoyanga.Unokuba newaranti, kodwa ayizi kuhlala ngonaphakade.

Akukho bhulethi yomlingo ukuyithintela, kodwa ukuphatha ibhetri yakho ngokufanelekileyo kuya kunciphisa inani lokuthotywa-ukuqinisekisa ukuba ibhetri yakho ihlala ikwimeko esebenzisekayo esempilweni ixesha elide.ke sebenzisa la macebiso okugcina ibhetri rhoqo kwaye ngokungaguquguqukiyo njengoko unako.

Oko akuthethi ukuba kufuneka uziphazamise ngabom kakhulu, kuba oko kuchasene nemveliso.Ungoyiki ukuhlawulisa ngokupheleleyo apho kuyimfuneko, okanye ukuhlawulisa ngokukhawuleza ukubuyela endleleni ngokukhawuleza okukhulu.Unayo imoto kwaye akufanele woyike ukusebenzisa amandla ayo xa uwafuna.