Ngaba ufuna ukugcina imoto yakho yombane isebenza ixesha elide kangangoko unako? Nantsi into ekufuneka uyenze

Ukuba uthenge enye yezona moto zombane zibalaseleyo, uyazi ukuba ukugcina ibhetri yayo isempilweni yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yobunini. Ukugcina ibhetri isempilweni kuthetha ukuba inokugcina amandla angakumbi, nto leyo ethetha ngokuthe ngqo ukuba iqhuba ixesha elide. Ibhetri ekwimeko entle iya kuhlala ixesha elide, ixabiseke ngakumbi ukuba ugqiba ekubeni uyithengise, kwaye ayizukudinga ukutshajwa rhoqo. Ngamanye amazwi, kungcono kubo bonke abanini be-EV ukwazi ukuba iibhetri zabo zisebenza njani, yintoni ekufuneka yenziwe ukugcina ibhetri yabo yombane isempilweni.

Isebenza njani ibhetri yemoto yombane?

Iibhetri ye-lithium-ionIbhetri emotweni yakho ayifani nebhetri kwizixhobo ezininzi onazo ngoku — nokuba yilaptop, i-smartphone okanye iibhetri ze-AA ezitshajwayo. Nangona zinkulu kakhulu, kwaye ziza neebhetri ezinkulu kakhulu okanye ezibiza kakhulu kwizixhobo ezincinci zemihla ngemihla.

Iseli nganye yebhetri ye-lithium-ion yakhiwe ngendlela efanayo, ineenxalenye ezimbini ezahlukeneyo apho ii-ion ze-lithium zikwazi ukuhamba phakathi kwazo. I-anode yebhetri ikwicandelo elinye, ngelixa i-cathode ikwelinye. Amandla okwenyani aqokelelwa zii-ion ze-lithium, ezihamba ngaphaya kwesahluli kuxhomekeke kwimeko yebhetri.

Xa zikhutshwa, ezo ioni ziyahamba ukusuka kwi-anode ukuya kwi-cathode, kwaye ngokuchaseneyo xa ibhetri itshaja kwakhona. Ukusasazwa kwee-ion kuqhagamshelwe ngqo kwinqanaba lokutshaja. Ibhetri etshajiweyo ngokupheleleyo iya kuba nazo zonke ii-ion kwelinye icala leseli, ngelixa ibhetri ephelileyo iya kuba nazo kwelinye. Ukutshaja kwe-50% kuthetha ukuba zahlulwe ngokulinganayo phakathi kwezi zimbini, njalo njalo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukuhamba kwee-ion ze-lithium ngaphakathi kwebhetri kubangela uxinzelelo oluncinci. Ngenxa yeso sizathu iibhetri ze-lithium-ion ziphela ziwohloka ngokuhamba kweminyaka eliqela, nokuba wenza ntoni na. Sesinye sezizathu zokuba ubuchwepheshe bebhetri eqinileyo obusebenzayo bufunwa kangaka.

Ibhetri yesibini yeemoto zombane nayo ibalulekile

Iimoto zombane zinebhetri ezimbini. Ibhetri ephambili yibhetri enkulu ye-lithium-ion eyenza imoto isebenze, ngelixa eyesibini inoxanduva lweenkqubo zombane ezine-voltage ephantsi. Le bhetri inika amandla izinto ezifana nezikhiya zocango, ulawulo lwemozulu, ikhompyutha yemoto njalo njalo. Ngamanye amazwi, zonke iinkqubo ebezinokutshiza ukuba zizama ukutsala amandla kwi-voltage enamanani amathathu eveliswa yibhetri ephambili.

Kwinani elikhulu leemoto zombane, le bhetri yibhetri eqhelekileyo ye-12V lead-acid oza kuyifumana nakweyiphi na enye imoto. Abanye abenzi beemoto, kuquka neTesla, bebetshintshela kwezinye iindlela ze-lithium-ion, nangona injongo yokugqibela ifana.

Akufuneki uzikhathaze ngale bhetri. Ukuba izinto zihamba gwenxa, njengoko zinokwenza nakweyiphi na imoto esebenzisa ipetroli, ungayisombulula ngokwakho ingxaki. Jonga ukuba ibhetri ifile na, kwaye ingavuselelwa ngetshaja ekhawulezayo okanye ngokuqala ngokukhawuleza, okanye kwimeko embi kakhulu, yitshintshe ngentsha. Zidla ngokubiza phakathi kwe-$45 ne-$250, kwaye zinokufumaneka nakweyiphi na ivenkile elungileyo yezixhobo zeemoto. (qaphela ukuba awunakuyiqalisa ngokukhawuleza imoto ye-EV.

Ngoko ke ungayigcina njani ibhetri yemoto yombane isempilweni?
Kwabanini be-EV okokuqala, ithemba lokugcina umbaneibhetri yemotoUkuba ikwimeko entle kakhulu ingabonakala inzima. Kaloku, ukuba ibhetri yonakala kangangokuba imoto ayisakwazi ukuyisebenzisa, isisombululo kuphela kukuthenga imoto entsha — okanye ukuchitha amawaka eedola kwibhetri entsha. Akukho nanye kwezi ndlela ilungileyo.

Ngethamsanqa ukugcina ibhetri yakho isempilweni kulula kakhulu, kufuna ukuqaphela kancinci kunye nomgudu omncinci. Nantsi into ekufuneka uyenze:

★Gcina itshaja yakho iphakathi kwe-20% kunye ne-80% nanini na kunokwenzeka

Enye yezinto ekufuneka umnini-moto ngamnye azikhumbule kukugcina inqanaba lebhetri liphakathi kwe-20% kunye ne-80%. Ukuqonda isizathu sokuba kubuyelwe kwindlela esebenza ngayo iibhetri ze-lithium-ion. Ngenxa yokuba ii-ion ze-lithium zihlala zihamba ngexesha lokusetyenziswa, ibhetri ifumana uxinzelelo oluthile - into engenakuphepheka.

Kodwa olo xinzelelo oluthwalwa yibhetri ludla ngokuba lubi xa ii-ion ezininzi zikwicala elinye leseli okanye kwelinye. Kulungile ukuba ushiya imoto yakho iiyure ezimbalwa, okanye uhlala ubusuku bonke ngamanye amaxesha, kodwa kuqala ukuba yingxaki ukuba ushiya ibhetri ngaloo ndlela rhoqo ixesha elide.

Inqanaba elifanelekileyo lokulinganisela limalunga ne-50%, kuba ii-ion zahlulwe ngokulinganayo kumacala omabini ebhetri. Kodwa ekubeni oko kungenzeki, kulapho sifumana khona umda we-20-80%. Nantoni na engaphaya kwezo ndawo kwaye usengozini yoxinzelelo olukhulu kwibhetri.

Oku akuthethi ukuba awunakuyitshaja ngokupheleleyo ibhetri yakho, okanye akufuneki uyivumele itsibe ngaphantsi kwe-20% ngamanye amaxesha. Ukuba ufuna umgama omde kangangoko unako, okanye utyhala imoto yakho ukuze uphephe enye indawo yokuyitshaja, oko akuthethi ukuba kuzakuphela. Zama nje ukunciphisa ezi meko apho unako, kwaye ungayishiyi imoto yakho ikwimeko enjalo kangangeentsuku ezininzi ngexesha.

★Gcina ibhetri yakho ipholile

Ukuba uthenge i-EV kutshanje, kukho ithuba elihle lokuba kukho iinkqubo zokugcina ibhetri ikwiqondo lobushushu elifanelekileyo. Iibhetri zeLithium-ion azithandi ukuba shushu kakhulu okanye kubanda kakhulu, kwaye ubushushu baziwa kakhulu ngokunyusa isantya sokuwohloka kwebhetri ixesha elide.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, oku akuyonto ekufuneka uyixhalabele. Iimoto zombane zanamhlanje zihlala zineenkqubo zolawulo lobushushu eziphucukileyo ezinokufudumeza okanye zipholise ibhetri njengoko kufuneka. Kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba kuyenzeka, kuba ezo nkqubo ziyawadinga amandla. Okukhona ubushushu bugqithisile, kokukhona kufuneka amandla amaninzi ukugcina ibhetri ikhululekile — nto leyo eya kuchaphazela uluhlu lwakho.

Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iimoto ezindala azinawo ulawulo olusebenzayo lobushushu. I-Nissan Leaf ngumzekelo obalaseleyo wemoto esebenzisa inkqubo yokupholisa ibhetri engasebenzisi mandla. Oko kuthetha ukuba ukuba uhlala kwindawo eshushu kakhulu, okanye uhlala uxhomekeke ekutshajeni ngokukhawuleza kwe-DC, ibhetri yakho inokuba nzima ukuyigcina ipholile.

Akukho nto ingako onokuyenza ngale nto ngelixa uqhuba, kodwa kuthetha ukuba kufuneka ukhathazeke ngokuba upaka phi. Zama ukupaka ngaphakathi ukuba kunokwenzeka, okanye ubuncinane uzame ukufumana indawo enomthunzi. Ayifani nendawo yokuhlala ehlala ihleli, kodwa iyanceda. Le yindlela elungileyo kubo bonke abanini be-EV, kuba kuthetha ukuba ulawulo lobushushu aluyi kudla amandla amaninzi ngelixa ungekho. Kwaye xa ubuyela imoto yakho iya kuba ipholile kancinci kunokuba ibinokuba njalo.

★ Jonga isantya sakho sokutshaja

Abanini beemoto zombane akufuneki boyike ukusebenzisa itshaja yeDC ekhawulezayo ngokukhawuleza. Zizixhobo ezibalulekileyo kwiimoto zombane, zibonelela ngesantya sokutshaja esikhawulezayo kwiihambo ezinde zendlela nakwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo. Ngelishwa zinegama elihle, kwaye indlela ezo santya sokutshaja esikhawulezayo esinokuyichaphazela ngayo impilo yebhetri yexesha elide.

Kwanabenzi beemoto ezifana neKia (ivula kwithebhu entsha) bayaqhubeka nokucebisa ukuba ungasebenzisi ii-rapid charger rhoqo, ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngobunzima obunokudlula kubo ibhetri yakho.

Nangona kunjalo, ngokubanzi ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kulungile — ukuba imoto yakho inenkqubo efanelekileyo yokulawula ubushushu. Nokuba ipholile okanye ipholile, imoto inokuthi ngokuzenzekelayo ithathele ingqalelo ubushushu obugqithisileyo obuveliswayo xa itshaja kwakhona. Kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba akukho zinto onokuzenza ukuze kube lula ukwenza le nkqubo.

Musa ukufaka nayiphi na itshaja emotweni kwangoko nje ukuba uyeke, ukuba kunokwenzeka. Ukunika ibhetri ixesha lokuphola kunceda ukuba inkqubo ihambe lula. Shaja ngaphakathi, okanye kwindawo emthunzini, ukuba kunokwenzeka, kwaye ulinde de kube lixesha elipholileyo losuku ukuze unciphise ubushushu obugqithisileyo obujikeleze ibhetri.

Okungenani ukwenza ezi zinto kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba utshaja ngokukhawuleza kancinci, kuba imoto ayidingi kusebenzisa umbane ukupholisa ibhetri.

Ukuba imoto yakho inomoya opholileyo webhetri, oko kukuthi, ixhomekeke emoyeni ongqongileyo ukuze isuse ubushushu, kuya kufuneka uzithathele ingqalelo ezi ngcebiso. Ngenxa yokuba ezo bhetri kunzima ukuzipholisa ngokukhawuleza, ubushushu bunokuqokelelana kwaye oko kunokonakalisa iibhetri ngexesha lobomi bemoto. Qiniseka ukuba ujonge isikhokelo sethu sokuba kufuneka uyitshaje ngokukhawuleza na imoto yakho yombane ukuba awuqinisekanga ngempembelelo enokuba nayo.

★ Fumana uluhlu oluninzi kangangoko unako kwibhetri yakho

Iibhetri zeLithium-ion zilinganiswa kuphela ngenani elithile lemijikelo yokutshaja — ukutshaja okupheleleyo kunye nokukhutshwa kwebhetri. Okukhona ibhetri iqokelela imijikelo yokutshaja emininzi, kokukhona kunokwenzeka ukuba ifumane ukonakala njengoko ii-ion zelithium zijikeleza iseli.

Eyona ndlela yokunciphisa inani lemijikelo yokutshaja kukungasebenzisi ibhetri, nto leyo engeyiyo ingcebiso. Nangona kunjalo, oko kuthetha ukuba kukho iingenelo zokuqhuba ngexabiso eliphantsi nokuqinisekisa ukuba ufumana umgama omde kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwibhetri yakho. Oku akupheleli nje ekubeni kulula ngakumbi, kuba akuyi kufuneka uxhume phantse kangangoko, kodwa kunciphisa nenani lemijikelo yokutshaja ibhetri yakho edlula kuyo, nto leyo eya kuyinceda ukuba ihlale ikwimeko entle ixesha elide.

Amacebiso asisiseko onokuwazama aquka ukuqhuba imoto ivuliwe, ukunciphisa ubunzima obugqithisileyo emotweni, ukuphepha ukuqhuba ngesantya esiphezulu (ngaphezulu kweekhilomitha ezingama-60 ngeyure) kunye nokusebenzisa ithuba lokuqhobosha okuvuselelayo. Ikwanceda ekukhawuleziseni nasekuqhobosheni kancinci nangokulula, endaweni yokubethelela iipedali phantsi ngalo lonke ithuba elifumanekayo.

Ngaba ufanele ukhathazeke ngokonakala kwebhetri kwimoto yakho yombane?

Ngokubanzi, hayi. Iibhetri zeemoto zombane zihlala zisebenza iminyaka eyi-8-10, kwaye zinokusebenza kakuhle emva koko - nokuba kukusebenzisa imoto okanye ukonwabela ubomi obutsha njengendawo yokugcina amandla.

Kodwa ukonakala kwendalo yinkqubo ende, eqokeleleneyo eya kuthatha iminyaka eliqela ukuba ibe nefuthe lokwenyani ekusebenzeni kwebhetri. Ngokufanayo, abenzi beemoto baye bayila iibhetri ngendlela yokuba ukonakala kwendalo kungabi nafuthe liphezulu kuluhlu lwakho kwixesha elide.

Umzekelo, iTesla ithi (ivula kwithebhu entsha) iibhetri zayo zisagcina i-90% yamandla azo okuqala emva kokuqhuba iimayile ezingama-200,000. Ukuba uqhuba ungayeki ngesantya seemayile ezingama-60 ngeyure, kungakuthatha phantse iintsuku ezili-139 ukuhamba loo mgama. Umqhubi wakho oqhelekileyo akazukukwazi ukuqhuba umgama ongako kungekudala.

Iibhetri zihlala zinewaranti yazo eyahlukileyo. Amanani achanekileyo ayahluka, kodwa iiwaranti eziqhelekileyo zigubungela ibhetri kwiminyaka esibhozo yokuqala okanye iimayile ezili-100,000. Ukuba amandla akhoyo awela ngaphantsi kwe-70% ngelo xesha, ufumana ibhetri entsha simahla.

Ukuyiphatha kakubi ibhetri yakho, nokwenza yonke into ongayifanelanga ukuyenza rhoqo, kuya kuyikhawulezisa inkqubo — nangona kuxhomekeke ekubeni awukhathali kangakanani. Usenokuba newaranti, kodwa ayizukuhlala ixesha elide.

Akukho sixhobo somlingo sokuthintela oku, kodwa ukuyiphatha kakuhle ibhetri yakho kuya kunciphisa ukonakala kwayo — ukuqinisekisa ukuba ibhetri yakho ihlala ikwimeko entle kwaye isebenziseka ixesha elide. Ngoko ke sebenzisa la macebiso okugcina ibhetri rhoqo nangokungaguquguqukiyo kangangoko unako.

Oko akuthethi ukuba ufanele uzenze ngabom iingxaki zakho kakhulu, kuba oko akuncedi nganto. Musa ukoyika ukutshaja ngokupheleleyo apho kuyimfuneko, okanye ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza ukuze ubuyele endleleni ngokukhawuleza. Unayo imoto kwaye akufanele woyike ukusebenzisa amandla ayo xa uwadinga.