Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ebhetri ekrwada ukusukela oko kwaqala u-2021 kubangela uqikelelo malunga nokubangwa kwentshabalalo okanye ukulibaziseka, kwaye kukhokelele kwinkolelo yokuba iinkampani zeemoto zinokutshintsha izinto ezikhethwayo kwiimoto zabo zombane.

Ipakethi yexabiso eliphantsi ngokwesiko ibe lithium-iron-phosphate, okanyeLFP.I-Tesla isebenzise i-LFP kwiimodeli zayo zokungena ze-China ezenziweyo ukususela ngo-2021. Abanye abenzi beemoto ezifana neVolkswagen kunye neRivian babhengeze ukuba baya kusebenzisa i-LFP kwiimodeli zayo ezingabizi kakhulu.

I-Nickel-cobalt-manganese, okanye i-NCM, iibhetri yenye inketho.Bafuna isixa esifanayo se-lithium ukuzeLFP, kodwa iquka i-cobalt, ebiza kakhulu kwaye inkqubo yayo yokuvelisa ingxabano.

Ixabiso lentsimbi yeCobalt linyuke nge-70% ngonyaka.I-Nickel ibone isiphithiphithi samva nje esilandela ukucudisa okufutshane kwi-LME.Ixabiso le-nickel leenyanga ezintathu lithengisa kwi-intra-day range of $27,920-$28,580/mt ngoMeyi 10.

Ngeli xesha, amaxabiso e-lithium anyuke ngaphezulu kwe-700% ukusukela ekuqaleni kuka-2021, okukhokelele ekutsibeni okukhulu kumaxabiso eebhetri.
Ngokutsho kwe-S & P Global Market Intelligence, iindleko zentsimbi zebhetri zaseTshayina ngo-Matshi zinyuke nge-580.7% ngonyaka kwiibhetri ze-LFP nge-dollar ngekhilogram nganye, zinyuka malunga ne-$ 36 / kwh.Iibhetri ze-NCM zaziphezulu nge-152.6% ngexesha elifanayo ukuya kwi-$ 73-78 / kwh ngoFebruwari

"Indlelalithiuminyuswe ngexabiso kwiinyanga ezili-12 ezidlulileyo.Sisaphulelo esincinci kunokuba ubunokulindela [ngokuchasene ne-NCM] kwaye nje ukuba uphose izinto zokusebenza sisigqibo esinzima ngakumbi ebesinokuba siso.Ungafuna ukunika umsebenzi othile ngexabiso, kodwa ayibizi kakhulu kwezi ntsuku.” watsho omnye umthengisi wecobalt hydroxide.

"Kwakukho iinkxalabo, ngokwenene, ngenxa yokuba iindleko ze-LFP zaziyingozi kakhulu kwicandelo elijoliswe kuyo, elixabiso eliphantsi kweebhetri," ivumelane nomthombo womvelisi we-lithium.

“Azikho ezinye iindlela ezicacileyo kwiibhetri zenickel-intensive (ezo zineenxalenye zenickel ezisi-8 okanye ngaphezulu) kwixesha elifutshane ukuya kweliphakathi.Ukubuyela kwiibhetri ze-nickel ze-NMC ezisezantsi zibuyisela inkxalabo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwe-cobalt, ngelixa iibhetri ze-LFP azikwazi ukuhambelana ngokupheleleyo noluhlu lokusebenza kwaye zineempawu ezingathandekiyo zobushushu obuphantsi xa kuthelekiswa neebhetri ze-nickel-intensive," u-Alice Yu, umhlalutyi ophezulu, i-S&P Global Market Intelligence. .

Nangona i-chemistry ekhethiweyo e-China ibhetri ye-LFP, ngokuqhelekileyo kucingwa ukuba i-NCM iya kudlala indima enkulu kwiimarike ze-EU - apho abathengi bakhetha iimoto ezithatha ilizwe lonke okanye kwilizwekazi kwiintlawulo ezincinci.

“Xa sijonga ukuyilwa kwezityalo zebhetri, kufuneka sijonge ukuba bhetyebhetye.Okwangoku kukho ukulingana kwexabiso phakathi kwe-LFP kunye ne-NCM.Ukuba i-LFP iba ​​nexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu kwakhona sinokubeka phambili imveliso, kodwa ngoku kufuneka sivelise i-NCM kuba yimveliso yeprimiyamu.” yatsho iOEM yeemoto.

I-OEM yesibini yeemoto iphinde yachaza loo nkcazo, "Iibhetri ze-LFP ziya kuba zilungile apha kwiimoto zenqanaba lokungena, kodwa zingamkelwanga kwiimoto zeprimiyamu".

Umba wokukhawulela

Unikezelo lweLithium luhlala luyinkxalabo enkulu kwimarike ye-EV kunye nento enokumisa nayiphi na inkampani ukutshintshela ngokulula kwi-LFP.

Uphando oluvela kwi-S&P Global Commodity Insights lubonisa ukuba ukuba zonke imigodi ye-lithium ekwimibhobho iza kwi-intanethi kwixesha elicetywayo, kunye neenkcukacha ezichanekileyo zemathiriyeli yomgangatho webhetri, kuya kuhlala kukho ukusilela kwe-220,000 mt ngo-2030, kucingwa ukuba imfuno ifikelela kwi-2 yezigidi zeemitha ekupheleni kweshumi leminyaka.

Uninzi lwabavelisi be-lithium baseNtshona banenxalenye enkulu yemveliso yabo ebhukishwe phantsi kweekontrakthi zexesha elide, kwaye abaguquli baseTshayina baye baxakeke kunye neemfuno zekhontrakthi zexesha elide kunye nexesha elide.

"Kukho izicelo ezininzi [zendawo], kodwa asinayo nayiphi na into ekhoyo okwangoku," utshilo umthombo womvelisi we-lithium.“Sinemiqulu ekhoyo kuphela xa umthengi enengxaki, okanye erhoxisa ukuthunyelwa ngesizathu esithile, kungenjalo yonke ibhukisiwe,” wongeze watsho.

Inkxalabo eyandayo malunga ne-lithium, kunye nezinye iintsimbi zebhetri, ukuba sisithintelo sokuqhuba ukwamkelwa kwe-EV kukhokelele ukuba ii-automakers zibandakanyeke ngakumbi kwicala elingasentla lomzi mveliso.

I-General Motors iya kutyala imali kuphuhliso lweprojekthi yeLithium yeSihogo esiLawulwayo seThermal's Kitchen eCalifornia.IStelantis, iVolkswagen kunye neRenault zisebenzisana neVulcan Resources ukuze zikhusele imathiriyeli kwiprojekthi yeZero Carbon eJamani.

Enye indlela yesodium-ion

Ukunikezelwa kweentsilelo zokubonelela nge-lithium, i-cobalt kunye ne-nickel, ishishini lebhetri liye lahlola ezinye iindlela.Iibhetri ze-sodium-ion zibhekwa njengenye yezona zinto zithembisayo.

I-sodium-ion iya kusebenzisa ikhabhoni kwi-anode kunye nezinto ezivela kudidi olubizwa ngokuba yiPrussian Blue kwi-cathode.Kukho "uluhlu lwesinyithi olunokusetyenziswa kwiPrussian Blue, kwaye iya kwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwinkampani," ngokutsho kukaVenkat Srinivasan, umlawuli we-US-based Argonne Collaborative Centre for Energy Storage Science (ACCESS).

Inzuzo enkulu ye-sodium-ion yindleko yayo ephantsi yokuvelisa, imithombo yathi.Ngenxa yobuninzi besodium emhlabeni, ezi pakethe zebhetri zinokuxabisa phantse i-3% -50% ngaphantsi kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion.Ubuninzi bamandla buthelekiseka ne-LFP.

I-Contemporary Amperex Technology (CATL), enye yabenzi beebhetri ezinkulu e-China, yatyhila kunyaka ophelileyo isizukulwana sayo sokuqala sebhetri ye-sodium-ion, ecaleni kwesisombululo se-betri ye-AB, ebonisa ukuba ikwazi ukudibanisa iiseli ze-sodium-ion kunye ne-lithium-ion. iiseli kwipakethe enye.Inkqubo yokuvelisa kunye nezixhobo zebhetri ye-sodium-ion iyahambelana nebhetri ye-lithium-ion yangoku, i-CATL yathi.

Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba i-sodium-ion ifikelele kwinqanaba elibalulekileyo lokuthengisa, ezinye iinkxalabo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe.

Kusekho uphuculo ekufuneka luphunyezwe kwi-electrolyte kunye namacala e-anode.

Xa kuthelekiswa nebhetri esekwe kwi-LFP, i-sodium-ion yomelele ekukhupheni, kodwa ibuthathaka ekutshajisweni.

Eyona nto iphambili yokuthintela kukuba oku kusekho ixesha elithile ukusuka ekufumanekeni kwinqanaba lezorhwebo.

Ngokufanayo, iibhiliyoni zeedola zotyalo-mali zenziwe kwi-lithium-ion supply chain esekelwe kwi-lithium- kunye ne-nickel-rich chemistries.

"Ngokuqinisekileyo singajonga i-sodium-ion kodwa kufuneka siqale sigxile kubuchwephesha esele bukhona kwaye sizise isityalo kwi-Intanethi," utshilo omnye umenzi webhetri.