Iibhetri ze-lithium ion ezinokutshajwa kwakhona zisetyenziselwa ukwenza amandla ombane amaninzi kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla, ukusuka kwiilaptops kunye neeselfowuni ukuya kwiimoto zombane.Iibhetri ze-lithium ion kwimarike namhlanje zixhomekeke kwisisombululo solwelo, esibizwa ngokuba yi-electrolyte, embindini weseli.

Xa ibhetri inika amandla isixhobo, ii-ion ze-lithium zihamba ukusuka ekupheleni kwecala elibi, okanye i-anode, nge-electrolyte engamanzi, ukuya kwisiphelo esichajiwe kakuhle, okanye i-cathode.Xa ibhetri ihlaziywa, ii-ion zihamba kwelinye icala ukusuka kwi-cathode, nge-electrolyte, ukuya kwi-anode.

Iibhetri ze-Lithium ion ezixhomekeke kwi-electrolyte engamanzi zinomcimbi omkhulu wokhuseleko: ziyakwazi ukubamba umlilo xa zigcwele kakhulu okanye zifutshane.Enye indlela ekhuselekileyo kwi-electrolytes engamanzi kukwakha ibhetri esebenzisa i-electrolyte eqinileyo ukuthwala i-ion ze-lithium phakathi kwe-anode kunye ne-cathode.

Nangona kunjalo, uphononongo lwangaphambili lufumanise ukuba i-electrolyte eyomeleleyo ikhokelele ekukhuleni okuncinci kwesinyithi, okubizwa ngokuba zii-dendrites, ezinokuthi zakheke kwi-anode ngelixa ibhetri itshaja.Ezi dendrites isekethe emfutshane iibhetri kwimisinga ephantsi, kubenza bangasebenziseki.

Ukukhula kwe-dendrite kuqala kwiimpazamo ezincinci kwi-electrolyte kumda phakathi kwe-electrolyte kunye ne-anode.Izazinzulu zaseIndiya zisanda kufumanisa indlela yokunciphisa ukukhula kwedendrite.Ngokudibanisa umaleko obhityileyo wesinyithi phakathi kwe-electrolyte kunye ne-anode, banokunqanda i-dendrites ekukhuleni kwi-anode.

Izazinzulu zikhethe ukufunda i-aluminiyam kunye ne-tungsten njengeentsimbi ezinokwenzeka ukwakha lo maleko wesinyithi obhityileyo.Oku kungenxa yokuba akukho mxube we-aluminium okanye we-tungsten, okanye i-alloy, ene-lithium.Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba oku kuya kunciphisa ukubakho kweziphene ezenza i-lithium.Ukuba isinyithi esikhethiweyo senza i-alloy kunye ne-lithium, iimali ezincinci ze-lithium zinokungena kumaleko esinyithi ngokuhamba kwexesha.Oku kuya kushiya uhlobo lwesiphene esibizwa ngokuba yi-void kwi-lithium apho i-dendrite inokwakheka khona.

Ukuze kuvavanywe ukusebenza komgangatho wesinyithi, iintlobo ezintathu zeebhetri zadityaniswa: enye inomaleko obhityileyo we-aluminiyam phakathi kwe-lithium anode kunye ne-electrolyte eqinileyo, enye inomaleko obhityileyo we-tungsten, kwaye enye ingenamaleko esinyithi.

Ngaphambi kokuvavanya iibhetri, izazinzulu zasebenzisa i-microscope enamandla kakhulu, ebizwa ngokuba yi-electron microscope, ukujonga ngokusondeleyo umda phakathi kwe-anode kunye ne-electrolyte.Babona izikhewu ezincinci kunye nemingxuma kwisampulu engenamaleko esinyithi, bephawula ukuba ezi ziphene ziindawo zokukhula kwe-dendrites.Zombini iibhetri ezine-aluminiyam kunye ne-tungsten layers zikhangeleka zigudile kwaye ziqhubekile.

Kuvavanyo lokuqala, umsinga wombane ongaguqukiyo wajikeleziswa kwibhetri nganye iiyure ezingama-24.Ibhetri engenamaleko entsimbi ejikelezayo kwaye ayiphumelelanga kwiiyure ezili-9 zokuqala, okunokwenzeka ngenxa yokukhula kwedendrite.Ibhetri enealuminiyam okanye itungsten ayiphumelelanga koluvavanyo lokuqala.

Ukuze kuqondwe ukuba ngowuphi umaleko wesinyithi obungcono ekumiseni ukukhula kwe-dendrite, kwenziwa olunye uvavanyo kwiisampulu zomaleko we-aluminiyam kunye ne-tungsten.Kolu vavanyo, iibhetri ziye zajikeleziswa ngebhayisekile ngokunyuka koxinzelelo lwangoku, ukuqala ngoku kusetyenziswe kumfuniselo wangaphambili kwaye kunyuswe ngexabiso elincinci kwinqanaba ngalinye.

Uxinaniso lwangoku apho ibhetri emfutshane ijikeleza khona bekukholelwa ukuba yeyona nto ibalulekileyo yoxinzelelo lwangoku lokukhula kwedendrite.Ibhetri enomaleko we-aluminiyam ayiphumelelanga kumaxesha amathathu okuqalisa kwangoku, kwaye ibhetri enomaleko we-tungsten ayiphumelelanga kuphinda-phindwe kahlanu ngoku isiqalo.Olu lingelo lubonisa ukuba i-tungsten igqwesile i-aluminiyam.

Kwakhona, izazinzulu zasebenzisa i-electron microscope yokuskena ukujonga umda phakathi kwe-anode kunye ne-electrolyte.Baye babona ukuba i-voids yaqala ukwenza kumaleko esinyithi kwisibini kwisithathu soxinaniso olubalulekileyo lwangoku olulinganiswe kuvavanyo lwangaphambili.Nangona kunjalo, i-voids yayingekho kwisinye kwisithathu soxinaniso olubalulekileyo lwangoku.Oku kuqinisekisile ukuba ulwakhiwo olungenanto luqhubela phambili ukukhula kwe-dendrite.

Izazinzulu ke zaqhuba izibalo zokubala ukuqonda ukuba i-lithium isebenzisana njani nezi zinyithi, zisebenzisa into esiyaziyo malunga nendlela i-tungsten kunye ne-aluminium esabela ngayo kumandla kunye notshintsho lobushushu.Baye babonisa ukuba iileya zealuminiyam eneneni zinamathuba aphezulu okuphuhla kwe-voids xa usebenzisana ne-lithium.Ukusebenzisa ezi zibalo kuya kwenza kube lula ukukhetha olunye uhlobo lwentsimbi ukuvavanya kwixesha elizayo.

Olu phononongo lubonise ukuba iibhetri eziqinileyo ze-electrolyte zithembeke ngakumbi xa umaleko wesinyithi obhityileyo wongezwa phakathi kwe-electrolyte kunye ne-anode.Izazinzulu zikwabonise ukuba ukukhetha isinyithi esinye ngaphezu kwesinye, kule meko i-tungsten endaweni ye-aluminium, kunokwenza iibhetri zihlale ixesha elide.Ukuphucula ukusebenza kwezi ntlobo zeebhetri kuya kubasondeza inyathelo elinye ekuthatheni indawo yeebhetri ze-electrolyte zolwelo ezinokutsha kakhulu kwimarike namhlanje.