Uhlobo olutsha lweibhetri yezithuthi zombaneiyakwazi ukuphila ixesha elide kubushushu obugqithisileyo nokubanda kakhulu, ngokutsho kohlolisiso lwakutshanje.

Izazinzulu zithi iibhetri ziya kuvumela ii-EVs ukuba zihambe umgama omde ngentlawulo enye kumaqondo obushushu abandayo-kwaye ziya kuba lula ukutshisa kakhulu kwiindawo ezishushu.

Oku kuya kubangela ukutshaja okuncinci rhoqo kubaqhubi be-EV kunye nokunika iiibhetriubomi obude.

Iqela lophando laseMelika lenze into entsha ekwazi ukumelana neekhemikhali kumaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo kwaye yongezwa kwiibhetri ze-lithium ezinamandla.

"Udinga ukusebenza kobushushu obuphezulu kwiindawo apho ubushushu obukhoyo bunokufikelela kumanani amathathu kwaye iindlela ziba shushu ngakumbi," utshilo umbhali ophezulu uNjingalwazi uZheng Chen weYunivesithi yaseCalifornia-San Diego.

“Kwizithuthi zombane, iipakethi zebhetri zihlala phantsi komgangatho, kufutshane nezi ndlela zishushu.Kwakhona, iibhetri ziyafudumala nje ekubeni ziqhuba ngoku ngexesha lokusebenza.

"Ukuba iibhetri azikwazi ukunyamezela oku kufudumala kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, ukusebenza kwazo kuya kuncipha ngokukhawuleza."

Kwiphepha elipapashwe ngoMvulo kwijenali Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, abaphandi bachaza ukuba kwiimvavanyo, iibhetri zigcine iipesenti ezingama-87.5 kunye ne-115.9 yeepesenti yomthamo wabo wamandla kwi-40 Celsius (-104 Fahrenheit) kunye ne-50 Celsius (122 Fahrenheit). ) ngokulandelelanayo.

Kwakhona babenokusebenza okuphezulu kweCoulombic yeepesenti ezingama-98.2 kunye neepesenti ezingama-98.7 ngokulandelelanayo, okuthetha ukuba iibhetri zinokuhamba ngemijikelo yokutshaja ngakumbi ngaphambi kokuba ziyeke ukusebenza.

Oku kungenxa ye-electrolyte eyenziwe ngetyuwa ye-lithium kunye ne-dibutyl ether, ulwelo olungenambala olusetyenziswa kwimveliso ethile efana namayeza kunye nezitshabalalisi.

I-Dibutyl ether inceda kuba iimolekyuli zayo azidlali ibhola nge-lithium ion ngokulula njengoko ibhetri isebenza kwaye iphucula ukusebenza kwayo kumaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kwe-zero.

Ngaphezu koko, i-dibutyl ether inokubumela ngokulula ubushushu kwindawo yayo yokubila eyi-141 Celsius (285.8 Fahrenheit) ithetha ukuba ihlala imanzi kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu.

Yintoni eyenza le electrolyte ibe yinto ekhethekileyo kukuba ingasetyenziselwa ibhetri ye-lithium-sulfur, ehlaziywayo kwaye ine-anode eyenziwe nge-lithium kunye ne-cathode eyenziwe ngesulfure.

I-Anodes kunye ne-cathodes ngamalungu ebhetri apho umbane wombane udlula khona.

Iibhetri ze-lithium-sulfur ziyinyathelo elilandelayo elibalulekileyo kwiibhetri ze-EV kuba ziyakwazi ukugcina amandla aphindwe kabini kwikhilogram kuneebhetri ze-lithium-ion zangoku.

Oku kunokuphinda kabini uluhlu lwee-EVs ngaphandle kokunyusa ubunzima beibhetripakisha ngelixa ugcina iindleko ziphantsi.

I-sulfure ininzi kakhulu kwaye ibangela ukubandezeleka okuncinci kokusingqongileyo kunye noluntu kumthombo kune-cobalt, esetyenziswa kwii-cathodes zebhetri ze-lithium-ion.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, kukho ingxaki ngeebhetri ze-lithium-sulfur - i-sulfur cathodes iyasebenza kangangokuba iyancibilika xa ibhetri isebenza kwaye oku kuba kubi kakhulu kumaqondo aphezulu.

Kwaye i-lithium metal anodes inokwenza izinto ezifana nenaliti ezibizwa ngokuba zii-dendrites ezinokugqobhoza iindawo zebhetri kuba zihamba-mfutshane.

Ngenxa yoko, ezi bhetri zihlala kuphela ukuya kwishumi lemijikelo.

I-electrolyte ye-dibutyl ether ephuhliswe liqela le-UC-San Diego ilungisa ezi ngxaki, nokuba kubushushu obugqithisileyo.

Iibhetri abazivavanyileyo zinebhayisekile ehlala ixesha elide kunebhetri ye-lithium-sulphur eqhelekileyo.

"Ukuba ufuna ibhetri enobuninzi bamandla aphezulu, ngokuqhelekileyo kufuneka usebenzise i-chemistry enzima kakhulu, enzima," kusho u-Chen.

“Amandla aphezulu athetha ukusabela okuninzi okwenzekayo, okuthetha ukuba uzinzo oluphantsi, ukuthotywa okungaphezulu.

“Ukwenza ibhetri ene-eneji ephezulu ezinzileyo ngumsebenzi onzima ngokwawo – ukuzama ukwenza oku ngoluhlu olubanzi lobushushu kungumngeni nangakumbi.

"I-electrolyte yethu inceda ekuphuculeni zombini icala le-cathode kunye ne-anode ngelixa ibonelela nge-conductivity ephezulu kunye nokuzinza kobuso."

Iqela liphinde lenze i-sulphur cathode ukuze izinze ngakumbi ngokuyifakela kwipolymer.Oku kuthintela isalfure eninzi ekunyibilikeni kwi-electrolyte.

Amanyathelo alandelayo abandakanya ukunyusa ikhemistri yebhetri ukuze isebenze kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kwaye iya kwandisa ubomi bomjikelo.