Uhlobo olutsha lweibhetri yezithuthi zombanengokutsho kophando olwenziwe kutshanje, zinokuphila ixesha elide kubushushu obuphezulu nobubandayo obugqithisileyo.

Izazinzulu zithi iibhetri zingavumela ii-EV ukuba zihambe umgama omde ngetshaja enye kumaqondo obushushu abandayo - kwaye azinakuba shushu kakhulu kwiindawo ezishushu.

Oku kuya kubangela ukuba abaqhubi be-EV bangabi namali yokutshaja rhoqo kwaye kunikeiibhetriubomi obude.

Iqela lophando laseMelika lenze into entsha ekwaziyo ukumelana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu ngokwekhemikhali kwaye yongezwa kwiibhetri ze-lithium ezinamandla aphezulu.

“Udinga ukusebenza ngobushushu obuphezulu kwiindawo apho ubushushu obuphakathi bunokufikelela kwiinombolo ezintathu kwaye iindlela zishushu ngakumbi,” utshilo umbhali omkhulu uNjingalwazi uZheng Chen weYunivesithi yaseCalifornia-San Diego.

"Kwiimoto zombane, iibhetri zihlala ziphantsi komgangatho, kufutshane nezi ndlela zishushu. Kwakhona, iibhetri ziyafudumala ngenxa yokuba nomsinga ungena ngexesha lokusebenza."

"Ukuba iibhetri azikwazi ukunyamezela oku kufudumeza kubushushu obuphezulu, ukusebenza kwazo kuya kwehla ngokukhawuleza."

Kwiphepha elipapashwe ngoMvulo kwijenali iProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, abaphandi bachaza indlela kwiimvavanyo, iibhetri ezigcine ngayo i-87.5 pesenti kunye ne-115.9 pesenti yamandla azo kwi--40 Celsius (–104 Fahrenheit) kunye ne-50 Celsius (122 Fahrenheit) ngokwahlukeneyo.

Bakwanokusebenza kakuhle kweCoulombic okuphezulu kwama-98.2 ekhulwini kunye nama-98.7 ekhulwini ngokwahlukeneyo, oko kuthetha ukuba iibhetri zinokudlula kwimijikelo yokutshaja engaphezulu ngaphambi kokuba ziyeke ukusebenza.

Oku kungenxa ye-electrolyte eyenziwe ngetyuwa ye-lithium kunye ne-dibutyl ether, ulwelo olungenambala olusetyenziswa kwezinye izinto ezifana namayeza kunye nezibulala-zinambuzane.

I-Dibutyl ether inceda kuba iimolekyuli zayo azidlali ibhola ngee-ion ze-lithium ngokulula njengoko ibhetri isebenza kwaye iphucula ukusebenza kwayo kumaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kwe-zero.

Ngaphezu koko, i-dibutyl ether inokumelana nobushushu xa ibila kwi-141 Celsius (285.8 Fahrenheit) nto leyo ethetha ukuba ihlala imanzi xa ishushu kakhulu.

Okwenza le electrolyte ibe yeyodwa kukuba ingasetyenziswa nebhetri ye-lithium-sulfur, etshajwayo kwaye ine-anode eyenziwe nge-lithium kunye ne-cathode eyenziwe nge-sulfur.

Ii-anode kunye nee-cathodes ziindawo zebhetri apho umbane udlula khona.

Iibhetri zeLithium-sulfur zinyathelo elilandelayo elibalulekileyo kwiibhetri ze-EV kuba zinokugcina amandla aphindwe kabini ngekhilogram kuneebhetri zeLithium-ion zangoku.

Oku kunokwandisa kabini uluhlu lwee-EV ngaphandle kokunyusa ubunzima beibhetripakisha ngelixa ugcina iindleko ziphantsi.

I-sulfur ikwaninzi kwaye ibangela ukubandezeleka okuncinci kokusingqongileyo nakubantu kune-cobalt, esetyenziswa kwii-cathodes zebhetri ze-lithium-ion zemveli.

Ngokwesiqhelo, kukho ingxaki ngeebhetri ze-lithium-sulfur – ii-cathode zesulfur ziyasebenza kakhulu kangangokuba ziyanyibilika xa ibhetri isebenza kwaye oku kuya kuba mandundu xa amaqondo obushushu ephezulu.

Kwaye ii-anode ze-lithium metal zinokwenza izakhiwo ezifana neenaliti ezibizwa ngokuba zii-dendrites ezinokugqobhoza iindawo zebhetri kuba ziyenza i-short-circuit.

Ngenxa yoko, ezi bhetri zihlala ixesha elide ukuya kuthi ga kwishumi leemijikelo.

I-electrolyte ye-dibutyl ether eyenziwe liqela le-UC-San Diego ilungisa ezi ngxaki, nokuba kubushushu obuphezulu.

Iibhetri abazivavanyileyo bezisebenza ixesha elide kakhulu kunebhetri eqhelekileyo ye-lithium-sulfur.

“Ukuba ufuna ibhetri enamandla amaninzi, kufuneka usebenzise ikhemikhali enzima kakhulu neyinkimbinkimbi,” utshilo uChen.

"Amandla aphezulu athetha ukuba kukho iimpendulo ezininzi ezenzekayo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba azinzi kangako, kwaye kukho ukonakala okungakumbi."

"Ukwenza ibhetri enamandla aphezulu ezinzileyo ngumsebenzi onzima ngokwawo - ukuzama ukwenza oku kumanqanaba obushushu abanzi kunzima nangakumbi."

"I-electrolyte yethu inceda ekuphuculeni icala le-cathode kunye necala le-anode ngelixa ibonelela ngokuqhuba okuphezulu kunye nozinzo lwe-interfacial."

Iqela likwayile i-sulfur cathode ukuze ihlale izinzile ngokuyidibanisa kwi-polymer. Oku kuthintela ukuba i-sulfur engakumbi inganyibiliki kwi-electrolyte.

Amanyathelo alandelayo aquka ukwandisa i-chemistry yebhetri ukuze isebenze kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu nangakumbi kwaye iya kwandisa ubomi bomjikelo.