Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zeiibhetri ze-lithium-ion(li-ion): iiseli ezisilinda, iiseli zeprismatic, kunye neeseli zepokotho. Kwishishini le-EV, uphuhliso oluthembisayo kakhulu lujikeleza kwiiseli ezisilinda kunye nezeprismatic. Nangona ifomathi yebhetri esilinda iyeyona idumileyo kwiminyaka yakutshanje, izinto ezininzi zibonisa ukuba iiseli zeprismatic zinokuthatha indawo.

Zintoni iiIiseli zePrismatic

Aiseli ye-prismaticyiseli enekhemistri evalelwe kwi-casing eqinileyo. Imilo yayo engunxande ivumela ukufakwa kweeyunithi ezininzi ngokufanelekileyo kwimodyuli yebhetri. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeeseli ze-prismatic: amaphepha e-electrode ngaphakathi kwi-casing (anode, separator, cathode) abekwa okanye aqengqelwe aze athatyathwe.

Kwivolumu efanayo, iiseli ze-prismatic ezihlanganisiweyo zinokukhupha amandla amaninzi ngaxeshanye, zibonelela ngokusebenza ngcono, ngelixa iiseli ze-prismatic ezithe tyaba ziqulethe amandla amaninzi, zibonelela ngokuqina okungakumbi.

Iiseli zePrismatic zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkqubo zokugcina amandla kunye nezithuthi zombane. Ubukhulu bazo obukhulu buzenza zingabi zizixhobo zinkulu kwizixhobo ezincinci ezifana neebhayisekile ze-elektroniki kunye neeselfowuni. Ke ngoko, zilungele ngcono ukusetyenziswa kwamandla amaninzi.

Zithini iiSeli zeCylindrical

Aiseli ye-cylindricalyiseli evalelwe kwitini yesilinda eqinileyo. Iiseli zesilinda zincinci kwaye zingqukuva, okwenza kube lula ukuzibeka kwizixhobo zazo zonke iisayizi. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iifomathi zebhetri, imilo yazo ithintela ukudumba, into engafunekiyo kwiibhetri apho iigesi ziqokelelana khona kwikhava.

Iiseli ze-cylindrical zaqala ukusetyenziswa kwiilaptop, ezazineeseli eziphakathi kwezintathu ukuya kwezilithoba. Zathi zaduma kakhulu xa iTesla yazisebenzisa kwiimoto zayo zokuqala zombane (iRoadster kunye neModel S), ezazineeseli eziphakathi kwe-6,000 kunye ne-9,000.

Iiseli ze-cylindrical zikwasetyenziswa kwiibhayisekile ze-elektroniki, izixhobo zonyango, kunye neesathelayithi. Zikwabalulekile ekuhloleni isithuba ngenxa yesimo sazo; ezinye iifomathi zeeseli ziya kuphazamiseka ngenxa yoxinzelelo lomoya. I-Rover yokugqibela ethunyelwe kwiMars, umzekelo, isebenza ngeeseli ze-cylindrical. Iimoto zomdyarho zombane zeFormula E ezisebenza kakuhle zisebenzisa iiseli ezifanayo neze-rover kwibhetri yazo.

Umahluko oPhambili phakathi kweePrismatic kunye neeCylindrical Cells

Imo ayiyonto yodwa eyahlula iiseli ze-prismatic nezesilinda. Eminye imahluko ebalulekileyo ibandakanya ubungakanani bazo, inani loqhagamshelo lombane, kunye nombane ophuma kuzo.

Ubungakanani

Iiseli zePrismatic zikhulu kakhulu kuneeseli zecylindrical kwaye ngoko ke zinamandla amaninzi kwiseli nganye. Ukunika umbono ocacileyo womahluko, iseli enye yeprismatic inokuqulatha amandla afanayo neeseli zecylindrical ezingama-20 ukuya kwi-100. Ubukhulu obuncinci beeseli zecylindrical buthetha ukuba zingasetyenziselwa usetyenziso olufuna amandla amancinci. Ngenxa yoko, zisetyenziselwa uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo.

Uqhagamshelo

Ngenxa yokuba iiseli ze-prismatic zikhulu kuneeseli ze-cylindrical, kufuneka iiseli ezimbalwa ukuze kufunyanwe amandla afanayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba kwivolumu efanayo, iibhetri ezisebenzisa iiseli ze-prismatic zinonxibelelwano lombane oluncinci olufuna ukudityaniswa. Le yinzuzo enkulu kwiiseli ze-prismatic kuba zimbalwa amathuba okwenza iziphene.

Amandla

Iiseli ze-cylindrical zinokugcina amandla amancinci kuneeseli ze-prismatic, kodwa zinamandla amaninzi. Oku kuthetha ukuba iiseli ze-cylindrical zinokukhupha amandla azo ngokukhawuleza kuneeseli ze-prismatic. Isizathu kukuba zinonxibelelwano oluninzi nge-amp-hour (Ah). Ngenxa yoko, iiseli ze-cylindrical zilungele ukusetyenziswa okuphezulu ngelixa iiseli ze-prismatic zilungele ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla.

Imizekelo yezicelo zebhetri ezisebenza kakuhle ziquka iimoto zomdyarho zeFormula E kunye nehelikopta ye-Ingenuity eMars. Zombini zifuna ukusebenza kakhulu kwiindawo eziyingozi.

Kutheni iiseli zePrismatic zinokuba zithatha indawo

Ishishini le-EV litshintsha ngokukhawuleza, kwaye akuqinisekwanga ukuba iiseli ze-prismatic okanye iiseli ze-cylindrical ziya koyisa na. Okwangoku, iiseli ze-cylindrical zixhaphake kakhulu kwishishini le-EV, kodwa kukho izizathu zokucinga ukuba iiseli ze-prismatic ziya kuthandwa kakhulu.

Okokuqala, iiseli ze-prismatic zinika ithuba lokunciphisa iindleko ngokunciphisa inani lamanyathelo okuvelisa. Ifomathi yazo yenza kube nokwenzeka ukuvelisa iiseli ezinkulu, nto leyo enciphisa inani loqhagamshelo lombane olufuna ukucocwa nokudityaniswa.

Iibhetri zePrismatic nazo ziyindlela efanelekileyo yokwenza ikhemistri ye-lithium-iron phosphate (LFP), umxube wezinto ezingabizi kakhulu nezifikelelekayo. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iikhemistri, iibhetri ze-LFP zisebenzisa izixhobo ezikhoyo kuyo yonke indawo emhlabeni. Azidingi izinto ezinqabileyo nezibizayo ezifana ne-nickel kunye ne-cobalt ezinyusa ixabiso lezinye iintlobo zeeseli.

Kukho imiqondiso enamandla yokuba kuvela iiseli ze-LFP prismatic. E-Asia, abavelisi be-EV sele besebenzisa iibhetri ze-LiFePO4, uhlobo lwebhetri ye-LFP kwifomathi ye-prismatic. UTesla ukwathe ukuba uqalile ukusebenzisa iibhetri ze-prismatic ezenziwe eTshayina kwiinguqulelo eziqhelekileyo zeemoto zakhe.

Nangona kunjalo, ikhemistri ye-LFP ineengxaki ezibalulekileyo. Okokuqala, inamandla amancinci kunezinye iikhemistri ezisetyenziswayo ngoku, kwaye ngenxa yoko, ayinakusetyenziswa kwizithuthi ezisebenza kakuhle njengeemoto zombane zeFormula 1. Ukongeza, iinkqubo zolawulo lwebhetri (i-BMS) zinobunzima bokuqikelela inqanaba lokutshaja kwebhetri.

Ungayibukela le vidiyo ukuze ufunde okungakumbi malungaI-LFPikhemistri kunye nesizathu sokuba ithandwa kakhulu.