Khawuthelekelele umntu ocinga ngengqondo exelela abazali bakho, ngomhla wokuzalwa kwakho, ukuba uza kuphila ixesha elingakanani. Amava afanayo anokwenzeka kwiingcali zekhemikhali zebhetri ezisebenzisa iimodeli ezintsha zokubala ukubala ubomi bebhetri ngokusekelwe kumjikelo omnye wedatha yovavanyo.

Kwisifundo esitsha, abaphandi kwi-US Department of Energy's (DOE) Argonne National Laboratory basebenzise amandla okufunda koomatshini ukuze baqikelele ubomi beentlobo ngeentlobo zeekhemikhali zebhetri ezahlukeneyo. Ngokusebenzisa idatha yovavanyo eqokelelwe e-Argonne kwiseti yeebhetri ezingama-300 ezimele iikhemikhali ezintandathu ezahlukeneyo zebhetri, izazinzulu zinokumisela ngokuchanekileyo ukuba iibhetri ezahlukeneyo ziya kuqhubeka ixesha elingakanani zijikeleza.

Abaphandi baseArgonne basebenzise iimodeli zokufunda koomatshini ukwenza uqikelelo lobomi bomjikelo webhetri kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zeekhemistri. (Umfanekiso nguShutterstock/Sealstep.)

Kwi-algorithm yokufunda koomatshini, izazinzulu ziqeqesha inkqubo yekhompyutha ukuba yenze izigqibo kwiseti yokuqala yedatha, ize emva koko ithathe oko ikufundileyo kolo qeqesho ukuze yenze izigqibo kwenye iseti yedatha.

“Kuyo yonke ibhetri esetyenzisiweyo, ukusuka kwiifowuni eziphathwayo ukuya kwiimoto zombane ukuya kwindawo yokugcina igridi, ubomi bebhetri bubaluleke kakhulu kumthengi ngamnye,” utshilo usosayensi wekhompyutha waseArgonne uNoah Paulson, umbhali wolu phononongo. “Ukuqhuba ibhetri izihlandlo ezingamawaka ide ingasebenzi kungathatha iminyaka; indlela yethu idala uhlobo lwekhitshi lokuvavanya ukubala apho sinokukhawuleza sibone ukuba iibhetri ezahlukeneyo ziza kusebenza njani.”

“Okwangoku, indlela ekuphela kwayo yokuvavanya indlela amandla ebhetri aphela ngayo kukutshintsha ibhetri,” wongeze watsho u-Argonne electrochemist uSusan “Sue” Babinec, omnye umbhali wolu phononongo. “Ibiza kakhulu kwaye ithatha ixesha elide.”

Ngokutsho kukaPaulson, inkqubo yokuseka ubomi bebhetri inokuba nzima. “Inyani kukuba iibhetri azihlali ixesha elide, kwaye ukuba zihlala ixesha elingakanani kuxhomekeke kwindlela esizisebenzisa ngayo, kunye noyilo lwazo kunye nekhemikhali yazo,” utshilo. “Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, akukho ndlela ilungileyo yokwazi ukuba ibhetri iza kuhlala ixesha elingakanani. Abantu baza kufuna ukwazi ukuba banexesha elingakanani de bachithe imali kwibhetri entsha.”

Enye into eyahlukileyo kolu phononongo kukuba luxhomekeke kumsebenzi omkhulu wovavanyo owenziwe eArgonne kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ze-cathode yebhetri, ngakumbi i-cathode esekwe kwi-nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC) enelungelo lobunikazi lika-Argonne. “Sasineebhetri ezimele iikhemistri ezahlukeneyo, ezineendlela ezahlukeneyo ezinokuthi ziwohloke kwaye zisilele ngazo,” utshilo uPaulson. “Ixabiso lolu phononongo kukuba lusinike imiqondiso ebonisa indlela iibhetri ezahlukeneyo ezisebenza ngayo.”

Uphando olongezelelekileyo kule ndawo lunamandla okukhokela ikamva leebhetri ze-lithium-ion, utshilo uPaulson. “Enye yezinto esikwaziyo ukuzenza kukuqeqesha i-algorithm kwikhemistri eyaziwayo kwaye siyivumele ukuba yenze uqikelelo kwikhemistri engaziwayo,” utshilo. “Ngokuyintloko, i-algorithm ingasinceda sisikhombe kwicala lekhemistri ezintsha neziphuculweyo ezibonelela ngobomi obude.”

Ngale ndlela, uPaulson ukholelwa ukuba i-algorithm yokufunda koomatshini inokukhawulezisa uphuhliso kunye novavanyo lwezinto zebhetri. "Masithi unezinto ezintsha, uze uzijikeleze amaxesha ambalwa. Ungasebenzisa i-algorithm yethu ukuqikelela ubude bazo, uze wenze izigqibo malunga nokuba ufuna ukuqhubeka nokuzijikeleza ngokweemvavanyo okanye hayi."

“Ukuba ungumphandi kwilebhu, ungafumana kwaye uvavanye ezinye izinto ezininzi ngexesha elifutshane kuba unendlela ekhawulezayo yokuzivavanya,” wongeze watsho uBabinec.

Iphepha elisekelwe kolu phando, “Ubunjineli beempawu zokufunda koomatshini buvumele ukuqikelela kwangaphambili ubomi bebhetri,” ivele kuhlelo lwe-intanethi lwe-Journal of Power Sources olupapashwe ngoFebruwari 25.

Ukongeza kuPaulson noBabinec, abanye ababhali beli phepha baquka uJoseph Kubal ka-Argonne, uLogan Ward, uSaurabh Saxena kunye noWenquan Lu.

Olu phononongo luxhaswe yi-Argonne Laboratory-Directed Research and Development (LDRD) grant.