Iibhetri zeScooter zoMbane
Ibhetri “yitanki yepetroli” yesikuta sakho sombane. Igcina amandla asetyenziswa yimoto yeDC, izibane, isilawuli, kunye nezinye izixhobo.

Uninzi lwee-scooter zombane ziya kuba nohlobo oluthile lwebhetri esekwe kwi-lithium ion ngenxa yobuninzi bazo bamandla kunye nobude bayo obuphezulu. Ii-scooter zombane ezininzi zabantwana kunye nezinye iimodeli ezingabizi kakhulu ziqulathe iibhetri ze-lead-acid. Kwi-scooter, ibhetri yenziwe ngeeseli ezahlukeneyo kunye ne-elektroniki ebizwa ngokuba yinkqubo yolawulo lwebhetri eyigcina isebenza ngokukhuselekileyo.
Iibhetri ezinkulu zinomthamo omkhulu, zilinganiswa ngeeyure ze-watt, kwaye ziya kuvumela isikuta sombane ukuba sihambe ngakumbi. Nangona kunjalo, zikwanyusa ubungakanani kunye nobunzima besikuta - okwenza singathwaleki lula. Ukongeza, iibhetri zezinye zezona zinto zibiza kakhulu zesikuta kwaye ixabiso lilonke liyanyuka ngokufanelekileyo.

Iintlobo zeebhetri
Iipakethi zebhetri ze-e-scooter zenziwe ngeeseli ezininzi zebhetri ezahlukeneyo. Ngokukodwa, zenziwe ngeeseli ezili-18650, udidi lobukhulu beebhetri ze-lithium ion (Li-Ion) ezinemilinganiselo ye-cylindrical eyi-18 mm x 65 mm.

Iseli nganye ye-18650 kwipakethi yebhetri ayimangalisi kangako — ivelisa amandla ombane angama-~3.6 volts (aqhelekileyo) kwaye inomthamo omalunga neeyure ze-2.6 amp (2.6 A·ah) okanye malunga neeyure ze-9.4 watt (9.4 Wh).

Iiseli zebhetri zisebenza ukusuka kwi-3.0 volts (0% charge) ukuya kuthi ga kwi-4.2 volts (100% charge).

I-Lithium Ion
Iibhetri zeLi-Ion zinamandla amaninzi, ubungakanani bamandla agcinwayo ngokobunzima bazo. Zikwanobomi obude obugqwesileyo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba zinokukhutshwa kwaye zitshajwe okanye "zijikeleziswe" amaxesha amaninzi kwaye zigcine amandla azo okugcina.

I-Li-ion ibhekisa kwiikhemikhali ezininzi zebhetri ezibandakanya i-lithium ion. Nantsi uluhlu olufutshane ngezantsi:

I-lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4); eyaziwa nangokuthi: IMR, LMO, iLi-manganese
I-nickel ye-lithium manganese (LiNiMnCoO2); eyaziwa ngokuba yi-INR, NMC
I-lithium nickel cobalt aluminium oxide (LiNiCoAlO2); eyaziwa ngokuba yi-NCA, yi-Li-aluminium
I-lithium nickel cobalt oxide (LiCoO2); eyaziwa ngokuba yi-NCO
I-lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2); eyaziwa ngokuba yi-ICR, i-LCO, i-Li-cobalt
I-lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4); eyaziwa ngokuba yi-IFR, i-LFP, i-Li-phosphate
Ngayinye kwezi khemikhali zebhetri imele urhwebo phakathi kokhuseleko, ixesha elide, amandla, kunye nemveliso yangoku.

I-Lithium Manganese (INR, NMC)
Ngethamsanqa, ii-scooter ezininzi zombane ezisemgangathweni zisebenzisa i-INR battery chemistry — enye yezona khemikhali zikhuselekileyo. Le bhetri inika amandla aphezulu kunye nomsinga wokukhupha. Ubukho be-manganese buyanciphisa ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwebhetri, buvumela umsinga ophezulu wokukhupha ngelixa bugcina amaqondo obushushu aphantsi. Ngenxa yoko, oku kunciphisa amathuba okuba ubushushu buphume kwaye bube nomlilo.

Ezinye ii-scooter zombane ezine-INR chemistry ziquka iimodeli zeWePed GT 50e kunye neDualtron.

I-asidi ye-lead
I-lead-acid yikhemikhali yebhetri endala kakhulu efumaneka rhoqo kwiimoto nakwezinye iimoto ezinkulu zombane, njengeenqwelo zegalufa. Zikwafumaneka nakwezinye ii-scooter zombane; okubaluleke kakhulu, ii-scooter zabantwana ezingabizi kakhulu ezivela kwiinkampani ezifana neRazor.

Iibhetri ze-lead-acid zinenzuzo yokuba azibizi kakhulu, kodwa zinengxaki yokuba nobunzima obuphantsi kakhulu bamandla, nto leyo ethetha ukuba zinobunzima obukhulu xa kuthelekiswa nobungakanani bamandla eziwagcinayo. Xa kuthelekiswa, iibhetri ze-Li-ion zinobunzima obuphindwe kalishumi xa kuthelekiswa neebhetri ze-lead-acid.

Iipakethi zeBhetri
Ukuze kwakhiwe ibhetri enee-watts ezingamakhulu okanye amawaka, iiseli ezininzi ze-Li-ion ezili-18650 zihlanganiswa zibe yisakhiwo esifana nesitena. Ibhetri efana nesitena ijongwa kwaye ilawulwa yisekethe ye-elektroniki ebizwa ngokuba yi-battery management system (BMS), elawula ukuhamba kombane ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwebhetri.
Iiseli nganye kwipakethi yebhetri ziqhagamshelwe ngochungechunge (ukusuka ekupheleni) nto leyo edibanisa i-voltage yazo. Le yindlela ekunokwenzeka ngayo ukuba nee-scooter ezinee-36 V, 48 V, 52 V, 60 V, okanye ii-battery packs ezinkulu nangakumbi.

Ezi ntambo zodwa (iibhetri ezininzi ezilandelelanayo) emva koko ziqhagamshelwe ngaxeshanye ukuze kwandiswe amandla ombane aphumayo.

Ngokulungisa inani leeseli ezilandelelanayo nezihambelanayo, abavelisi bezikuta zombane banokunyusa i-voltage yokuphuma okanye amandla aphezulu ombane kunye ne-amp hour.

Ukutshintsha ubume bebhetri akuyi kwandisa amandla agciniweyo, kodwa kuvumela ibhetri ukuba inike uluhlu oluthe kratya kunye ne-voltage ephantsi kwaye ngokuchaseneyo.

I-Voltage kunye ne-% eseleyo
Iseli nganye kwipakethi yebhetri idla ngokusebenza ukusuka kwi-3.0 volts (0% charge) ukuya kuthi ga kwi-4.2 volts (100% charge).

Oku kuthetha ukuba ipakethi yebhetri engama-36 V, (eneebhetri ezili-10 ezilandelelanayo) isebenza ukusuka kwi-30 V (0% charge) ukuya kwi-42 volts (100% charge). Ungabona ukuba i-% eseleyo ihambelana njani ne-voltage yebhetri (ezinye izikuta zibonisa oku ngokuthe ngqo) kuyo yonke uhlobo lwebhetri kwitshathi yethu ye-voltage yebhetri.

I-Voltage Sag
Ibhetri nganye iza kuba neengxaki ngenxa yento ebizwa ngokuba yi-voltage sag.

Ukuwa kwe-voltage kubangelwa ziziphumo ezahlukeneyo, kuquka i-lithium-ion chemistry, ubushushu, kunye nokumelana nombane. Oku kuhlala kubangela ukuziphatha okungekho ngqo kwe-voltage yebhetri.

Kwakamsinya nje ukuba umthwalo ufakwe kwibhetri, i-voltage iya kwehla ngoko nangoko. Esi siphumo sinokukhokelela ekuqikeleleni ngokuchanekileyo umthamo webhetri. Ukuba ubufunda ngokuthe ngqo i-voltage yebhetri, ubuya kucinga ukuba ulahlekelwe yi-10% yamandla akho okanye ngaphezulu ngoko nangoko.

Nje ukuba umthwalo ususwe, i-voltage yebhetri iya kubuyela kwinqanaba layo lokwenyani.

Ukuwa kwe-voltage kwenzeka nakwixesha elide lokukhupha ibhetri (njengakwixesha elide lokuqhuba). I-lithium chemistry kwibhetri ithatha ixesha elithile ukuze ifikelele kwisantya sokukhupha ibhetri. Oku kunokubangela ukuba i-voltage yebhetri yehle ngokukhawuleza ngakumbi ngexesha lokuphela kokuhamba ixesha elide.

Ukuba ibhetri ivunyelwe ukuba iphumle, iya kubuyela kwinqanaba layo le-voltage elichanekileyo nelichanekileyo.

Uvavanyo loMthamo
Umthamo webhetri ye-e-scooter ulinganiswa ngeeyunithi zeeyure ze-watt (ezifinyeziweyo ngeWh), umlinganiselo wamandla. Le yunithi kulula ukuyiqonda. Umzekelo, ibhetri enomlinganiselo we-1 Wh igcina amandla aneleyo ukubonelela nge-watt enye yamandla kwiyure enye.

Umthamo wamandla ongaphezulu uthetha iiyure eziphezulu ze-watt zebhetri, nto leyo ethetha ukuba i-scooter yombane ithatha ixesha elide, ngokobukhulu benjini ethile. I-scooter eqhelekileyo inomthamo omalunga ne-250 Wh kwaye ikwazi ukuhamba malunga neekhilomitha ezili-10 ngomyinge weekhilomitha ezili-15 ngeyure. Ii-scooter ezisebenza kakhulu zinokuba nomthamo ofikelela kumawaka eeyure ze-watt kwaye zinomgama ofikelela kwiikhilomitha ezingama-60.

Iimpawu zeBhetri
Iiseli zeLi-ion nganye kwi-e-scooter battery pack zenziwa ziinkampani ezimbalwa ezaziwayo kwihlabathi liphela. Iiseli ezikumgangatho ophezulu zenziwe yiLG, Samsung, Panasonic, kunye neSanyo. Ezi ntlobo zeeseli zihlala zifumaneka kuphela kwiibhetri zeescooter eziphezulu.

Uninzi lwee-scooter zombane ezingabizi kakhulu nezihamba ngeenyawo zineebhetri ezenziwe ngeeseli ezenziwe eTshayina, ezikumgangatho owahlukileyo kakhulu.

Umahluko phakathi kwee-scooter ezineeseli ezibhalwe uphawu kunye nezesiTshayina eziqhelekileyo sisiqinisekiso esikhulu sokulawulwa komgangatho kwiimveliso ezisele zikho. Ukuba oko akukho ngaphakathi kuhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lwakho, qiniseka ukuba uthenga i-scooter kumvelisi othembekileyo osebenzisa izixhobo ezisemgangathweni kwaye oneemilinganiselo zokulawula umgangatho (QC) ezilungileyo.

Eminye imizekelo yeenkampani ezinokuba ne-QC elungileyo yiXiaomi kunye neSegway.

Inkqubo yoLawulo lweBhetri
Nangona iiseli zeLi-ion 18650 zineengenelo ezimangalisayo, azixoleli kangako kunezinye iiteknoloji zebhetri kwaye zinokuqhushumba ukuba zisetyenziswa ngendlela engafanelekanga. Kungenxa yesi sizathu sokuba zihlala zihlanganiswa zibe ziipakethe zebhetri ezinenkqubo yokulawula ibhetri.

Inkqubo yolawulo lwebhetri (i-BMS) yinxalenye ye-elektroniki ejonga ipakethi yebhetri kwaye ilawula ukutshaja nokukhupha. Iibhetri zeLi-ion zenzelwe ukusebenza phakathi kwe-2.5 ukuya kwi-4.0 V. Ukutshaja kakhulu okanye ukukhupha ngokupheleleyo kunokunciphisa ubomi bebhetri okanye kubangele iimeko eziyingozi zokubaleka kobushushu. I-BMS kufuneka ithintele ukutshaja kakhulu. IiBMS ezininzi zikwanciphisa amandla ngaphambi kokuba ibhetri ikhutshwe ngokupheleleyo ukuze yongeze ubomi. Nangona kunjalo, abakhweli abaninzi basazigcina iibhetri zabo zicocekile ngokungazikhuphi ngokupheleleyo kwaye basebenzisa iitshaja ezikhethekileyo ukulawula isantya kunye nobungakanani bokutshaja kakuhle.

Iinkqubo zolawulo lweebhetri ezintsonkothileyo ziya kujonga ubushushu bepakethi kwaye zibangele ukuba ibhetri ingasebenzi xa kukho ubushushu obugqithisileyo.

Ireyithi ye-C
Ukuba wenza uphando ngokutshaja ibhetri, kusenokwenzeka ukuba udibane ne-C-rate. I-C-rate ichaza ukuba ibhetri itshaja okanye ikhutshwe ngokukhawuleza kangakanani. Umzekelo, i-C-rate ye-1C ithetha ukuba ibhetri itshaja kwiyure enye, i-2C ithetha ukuba itshaja ngokupheleleyo kwiiyure eziyi-0.5, kwaye i-0.5C ithetha ukuba itshaja ngokupheleleyo kwiiyure ezimbini. Ukuba utshaja ngokupheleleyo ibhetri ye-100 A·ah usebenzisa i-100 A current, kuya kuthatha iyure enye kwaye i-C-rate iya kuba yi-1C.

Ubomi bebhetri
Ibhetri eqhelekileyo yeLi-ion iya kukwazi ukusingatha imijikelo yokutshaja/yokukhupha ibhetri engama-300 ukuya kuma-500 ngaphambi kokuba inciphe amandla ayo. Kwisikuta sombane esiqhelekileyo, oku kumgama weemayile ezingama-3000 ukuya kuma-10 000! Khumbula ukuba "ukuncipha kwamandla ayo" akuthethi "ukulahlekelwa ngamandla ayo onke," kodwa kuthetha ukwehla okubonakalayo kwe-10 ukuya kuma-20% okuya kuqhubeka nokuba mandundu.

Iinkqubo zanamhlanje zokulawula iibhetri zinceda ekwandiseni ubomi bebhetri kwaye akufuneki ukhathazeke kakhulu ngokuyenza ibe ngumntwana.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unomdla wokwandisa ubomi bebhetri kangangoko unako, kukho izinto onokuzenza ukuze udlule imijikelo engama-500. Ezi ziquka:

Musa ukugcina isikuta sakho sitshajiwe ngokupheleleyo okanye itshaja ifakiwe ixesha elide.
Musa ukugcina isikuta sombane siphumile ngokupheleleyo. Iibhetri zeLi-ion ziyawohloka xa ziwela ngaphantsi kwe-2.5 V. Uninzi lwabavelisi lucebisa ukuba kugcinwe izikuta ezine-50% yokutshaja, kwaye zifakwe kule nqanaba rhoqo ukuze zigcinwe ixesha elide.
Musa ukusebenzisa ibhetri yesikuta kumaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kwama-32 F° okanye ngaphezulu kwama-113 F°.
Shaja isikuta sakho ngesantya esiphantsi se-C, oko kuthetha ukuba tshaja ibhetri ngesantya esiphantsi xa kuthelekiswa nomthamo wayo ophezulu wokugcina/ukuphucula ubomi bebhetri. Ukutshaja ngesantya se-C phakathi kwe-1 yeyona ifanelekileyo. Ezinye zeetshaja ezikhawulezayo okanye ezikhawulezayo zikuvumela ukuba ulawule oku.
Funda okungakumbi malunga nendlela yokutshaja isikuta sombane.

Isishwankathelo

Eyona nto iphambili apha kukuba ungayisebenzisi kakubi ibhetri kwaye iya kuhlala ixesha elide ibhetri isebenza. Siva kuzo zonke iintlobo zabantu ngee-scooter zabo zombane eziphukileyo kwaye ayisiyongxaki yebhetri!