Amandla ahlaziyekayo ngamandla asuka kwimithombo yendalo ephinda izaliswe ngesantya esiphezulu kunokuba isetyenzisiwe.Ngokomzekelo, ukukhanya kwelanga nomoya, yimithombo ehlala ihlaziywa.Imithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo mininzi kwaye isijikelezile.
Amafutha efosili - amalahle, i-oyile kunye negesi - kwelinye icala, zizixhobo ezingahlaziyekiyo ezithatha amakhulu ezigidi zeminyaka ukwenza.Amafutha efosili, xa etshisiwe ukuze avelise amandla, abangela ukukhutshwa kweegesi eziyingozi, njengekharbon diokside.
Ukuvelisa amandla ahlaziyekayo kudala izinto ezikhutshwayo eziphantsi kakhulu kunokutshisa izibaso zefosili.Ukutshintsha ukusuka kumafutha efosili, ekungoku nje athatha inxaxheba kwingonyama ekhutshwayo, ukuya kumandla ahlaziyekayo ngundoqo ekujonganeni nengxaki yemozulu.
Izinto ezivuselelekayo ngoku zitshiphu kuninzi lwamazwe, kwaye zenza imisebenzi ephindwe kathathu kunamafutha efosili.
Nantsi imithombo embalwa eqhelekileyo yamandla ahlaziyekayo:
AMANDLA ESOLA
Amandla elanga yeyona nto ininzi kuzo zonke izixhobo zamandla kwaye anokusetyenziswa nakwimozulu enamafu.Isantya apho amandla elanga athatyathwa nguMhlaba malunga namaxesha angama-10,000 amakhulu kunomlinganiselo apho uluntu lusebenzisa amandla.
Itekhnoloji yelanga inokuhambisa ubushushu, ukupholisa, ukukhanya kwendalo, umbane, kunye namafutha kuninzi lwezicelo.Itekhnoloji yelanga iguqula ukukhanya kube ngamandla ombane nokuba kungeepaneli ze-photovoltaic okanye ngezipili ezijolisa imitha yelanga.
Nangona ingengawo onke amazwe anikwe ngokulinganayo amandla elanga, igalelo elibalulekileyo kumxube wamandla avela kumandla elanga ngokuthe ngqo linokwenzeka kwilizwe ngalinye.
Iindleko zokwenziwa kweephaneli zelanga ziye zehla kakhulu kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zingafikeleleki nje kuphela kodwa zihlala zibe lolona hlobo lombane lungabizi kakhulu.Iiphaneli zelanga zinobomi obumalunga neminyaka engama-30, kwaye ziza kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zeemithunzi ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwemathiriyeli esetyenziswayo kwimveliso.
AMANDLA OMOYA
Amandla omoya asebenzisa amandla e-kinetic omoya oshukumayo ngokusebenzisa iiinjini zomoya ezinkulu ezibekwe emhlabeni (elunxwemeni) okanye kulwandle- okanye kumanzi acocekileyo (offshore).Amandla omoya asetyenziselwe iwaka leminyaka, kodwa ubuchwepheshe bamandla omoya elunxwemeni nangaphandle konxweme buye bavela kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo ukwandisa umbane ovelisiweyo - ngee turbines ezinde kunye needayamitha zerotor ezinkulu.
Nangona i-avareji yezantya zomoya zihluka kakhulu ngokwendawo, ukubanakho kobugcisa behlabathi kumandla omoya kudlula imveliso yombane yehlabathi, kwaye isakhono esaneleyo sikhona kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi ukuze kuvumeleke ukusasazwa kwamandla omoya.
Iindawo ezininzi zehlabathi zinezantya zomoya ezinamandla, kodwa ezona ndawo zibalaseleyo zokuvelisa amandla omoya ngamanye amaxesha zezo zikude.Amandla omoya angaphesheya kolwandle anika amandla amakhulu.
AMANDLA EGEOTHERMAL
I-Geothermal energy isebenzisa amandla obushushu afikelelekayo asuka kumbindi woMhlaba.Ubushushu bukhutshwa kwimithombo yamanzi esebenzisa amaqula okanye ezinye iindlela.
Amadama ashushu ngokwaneleyo ngokwendalo kwaye anokungeneka abizwa ngokuba ziindawo zogcino-manzi ezishushu ngokwaneleyo, ngexa amadama ashushu ngokwaneleyo kodwa aphuculwe ngokuvuselelwa ngoxinzelelo lwehydraulic abizwa ngokuba ziinkqubo eziphuculweyo ze geothermal.
Xa sele iphezu komhlaba, ulwelo lwamaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo lunokusetyenziswa ukwenza umbane.Itekhnoloji yokuvelisa umbane kwi-hydrothermal reservoirs ikhulile kwaye ithembekile, kwaye sele isebenza iminyaka engaphezu kwe-100.
AMANDLA AMANZI
Amandla ombane asebenzisa amandla okuhamba kwamanzi ukusuka phezulu ukuya kwiindawo ezisezantsi.Inokuveliswa kumadama kunye nemilambo.Imizi-mveliso yoveliso lwamanzi egcina amanzi ixhomekeke kumanzi agciniweyo kwidama, ngelixa oomatshini bokuvelisa umbane ophuma emfuleni zisebenzisa amandla avela kumlambo okhoyo.
Amadama ombane ahlala esetyenziswa ngeendlela ezininzi – ukubonelela ngamanzi okusela, amanzi okunkcenkceshela, amanzi okunkcenkceshela, izikhukula kunye nokulawula imbalela, iinkonzo zokuqhuba iinqanawa, kwakunye nokubonelela ngamandla.
Amandla ombane ngoku ngowona mthombo mkhulu wamandla ahlaziyekayo kwicandelo lombane.Ixhomekeke kwiipateni zemvula ezizinzile ngokubanzi, kwaye inokuchatshazelwa kakubi yimbalela ebangelwa yimozulu okanye utshintsho kwi-ikhosistim enefuthe kwiipateni zokuna kwemvula.
Iziseko ezingundoqo ezifunekayo ekudaleni amandla ombane zinako nefuthe kwi-ikhosistim ngeendlela ezingalunganga.Ngesi sizathu, abaninzi bajonga i-hydro encinci njengenketho ehambelana nokusingqongileyo, kwaye ilungele ngakumbi uluntu olukwiindawo ezikude.
AMANDLA OLWANDLE
Amandla olwandle aphuma kubugcisa obusebenzisa i-kinetic kunye ne-thermal energy yamanzi olwandle - amaza okanye imisinga umzekelo - ukuvelisa umbane okanye ubushushu.
Iinkqubo zamandla olwandle zisekwinqanaba lokuqala lophuhliso, kunye nenani leprototype wave kunye nezixhobo zangoku zamaza eziphononongwayo.Ithiyori enokwenzeka yamandla olwandle idlula ngokulula iimfuno zamandla omntu.
IBHAYOENEJI
I-Bioenergy iveliswa kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-biomass, ezifana neenkuni, amalahle, ubulongwe kunye nobunye ubulongwe bobushushu kunye nemveliso yamandla, kunye nezityalo zezolimo zolwelo lwe-biofuels.Uninzi lwebiomass lusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni ekuphekeni, ekukhanyiseni nasekufudumezeni indawo, ngokubanzi ngabantu abahluphekayo kumazwe asakhasayo.
Iinkqubo zale mihla ze biomass ziquka izityalo ezizinikeleyo okanye imithi, iintsalela zezolimo namahlathi, kunye nemijelo eyahlukeneyo yenkunkuma ephilayo.
Amandla enziwe ngokutshisa i-biomass adala ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse, kodwa kumanqanaba asezantsi kunokutshisa izibaso zefosili njengamalahle, i-oyile okanye igesi.Nangona kunjalo, i-bioenergy kufuneka isetyenziswe kuphela kwizicelo ezilinganiselweyo, xa kujongwa iimpembelelo ezimbi ezinokuthi zibe kho kokusingqongileyo ezinxulumene nokunyuka okukhulu kwamasimi amahlathi kunye ne-bioenergy, kunye nesiphumo sokutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi kunye nokutshintsha kokusetyenziswa komhlaba.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-29-2022