Amandla ahlaziyekayo ngamandla avela kwimithombo yendalo ephinda izaliswe ngesantya esiphezulu kunokuba isetyenziswa. Ukukhanya kwelanga nomoya, umzekelo, zizinto ezihlala zihlaziywa. Imithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo ininzi kwaye ijikeleze thina.
Amafutha ezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo – amalahle, ioyile kunye negesi – kwelinye icala, zizinto ezingavuselelekiyo ezithatha amakhulu ezigidi zeminyaka ukwenziwa. Amafutha ezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, xa etshisiwe ukuvelisa amandla, abangela ukukhutshwa kweegesi eziyingozi ezibangela ubushushu, njengekhabhoni diokside.
Ukuvelisa amandla avuselelekayo kudala ukukhutshwa komoya okuphantsi kakhulu kunokutshisa amafutha efosili. Ukutshintsha ukusuka kumafutha efosili, okwangoku abangela isabelo esikhulu sokukhutshwa komoya, ukuya kumandla avuselelekayo kubalulekile ekusombululeni ingxaki yemozulu.
Izinto ezivuselelekayo ngoku zibiza kancinci kumazwe amaninzi, kwaye zivelisa imisebenzi ephindwe kathathu kunezibaso zefosili.
Nazi ezinye zezona mithombo zixhaphakileyo zamandla avuselelekayo:
AMANDLA ESOLA
Amandla elanga ngawona afumaneka kakhulu kuzo zonke izixhobo zamandla kwaye anokusetyenziswa nakwimozulu enamafu. Isantya apho amandla elanga athathwa khona nguMhlaba sikhulu ngokuphindwe kayi-10,000 kunesantya abantu abasebenzisa ngaso amandla.
Iitekhnoloji zelanga zinokuzisa ubushushu, ukupholisa, ukukhanya kwendalo, umbane, kunye namafutha kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezicelo. Iitekhnoloji zelanga ziguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kube ngamandla ombane nokuba ziiphaneli ze-photovoltaic okanye ngezipili ezigxininisa imitha yelanga.
Nangona kungengawo onke amazwe anikwe amandla elanga ngokulinganayo, igalelo elikhulu kumxube wamandla avela kumandla elanga ngqo linokwenzeka kuwo onke amazwe.
Iindleko zokwenza iiphaneli zelanga zehle kakhulu kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo, nto leyo eyenza zingabi zexabiso eliphantsi kuphela kodwa zihlala ziyindlela yombane engabizi kakhulu. Iiphaneli zelanga zihlala ixesha elide malunga neminyaka engama-30, kwaye ziza ngemibala eyahlukeneyo kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwezinto ezisetyenziswayo ekwenzeni.
Amandla omoya
Amandla omoya asebenzisa amandla entshukumo yomoya ngokusebenzisa iiturbine ezinkulu zomoya ezisemhlabeni (elunxwemeni) okanye elwandle okanye emanzini acocekileyo (elunxwemeni). Amandla omoya asetyenziswe kangangeenkulungwane, kodwa ubuchwepheshe bamandla omoya olwandle nolwandle buphuhlile kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo ukuze kuphuculwe umbane oveliswayo - ngeeturbine ezinde kunye nobubanzi obukhulu berotor.
Nangona isantya somoya esiqhelekileyo sahluka kakhulu ngokwendawo, amandla obuchwephesha ehlabathi okuvelisa amandla omoya adlula imveliso yombane yehlabathi, kwaye amandla amaninzi akhona kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi ukuvumela ukusetyenziswa kwamandla omoya okubalulekileyo.
Iindawo ezininzi zehlabathi zinesantya somoya esinamandla, kodwa iindawo ezilungileyo zokuvelisa amandla omoya ngamanye amaxesha zezona zikude. Amandla omoya angaphandle kolwandle anika amandla amakhulu.
Amandla oMhlaba
Amandla obushushu obuphantsi komhlaba asebenzisa amandla obushushu afumaneka lula ngaphakathi eMhlabeni. Ubushushu bukhutshwa kwiindawo zokugcina amanzi aphantsi komhlaba kusetyenziswa imithombo okanye ezinye iindlela.
Iidama ezishushu ngokwaneleyo ngokwendalo kwaye zingena emanzini zibizwa ngokuba zii-hydrothermal reservoirs, ngelixa iidama ezishushu ngokwaneleyo kodwa eziphuculweyo ngokukhuthazwa yi-hydraulic zibizwa ngokuba ziinkqubo ze-geothermal eziphuculweyo.
Xa sele iphezulu, ulwelo oluneeqondo ezahlukeneyo zobushushu lungasetyenziswa ukuvelisa umbane. Itekhnoloji yokuvelisa umbane kwiimithombo zamanzi ashushu ivuthiwe kwaye ithembekile, kwaye ibisebenza iminyaka engaphezu kwe-100.
I-Hydropopower
Amandla ombane asebenzisa amandla amanzi ahamba ukusuka phezulu ukuya phezulu. Angaveliswa kwiindawo zokugcina amanzi kunye nemilambo. Izityalo zamanzi ezisebenzisa amanzi zixhomekeke kumanzi agciniweyo kwindawo yokugcina amanzi, ngelixa izityalo zamanzi ezisebenzisa amanzi aphuma emilanjeni zisebenzisa amandla avela kumanzi afumanekayo emlanjeni.
Iindawo zokugcina umbane ngamanzi zihlala zisetyenziselwa izinto ezininzi - ukubonelela ngamanzi okusela, amanzi okunkcenkceshela, ulawulo lwezikhukula kunye nembalela, iinkonzo zokuhamba ngenqanawa, kunye nokunikezelwa kwamandla.
Amandla ombane asebenza ngamanzi okwangoku ngowona mthombo mkhulu wamandla avuselelekayo kwicandelo lombane. Axhomekeke kwiipateni zemvula ezizinzileyo ngokubanzi, kwaye anokuchaphazeleka kakubi yimbalela ebangelwa yimozulu okanye utshintsho kwiinkqubo zendalo ezichaphazela iipateni zemvula.
Iziseko zophuhliso ezifunekayo ukudala umbane wamanzi nazo zinokuba nefuthe kwiinkqubo zendalo ngeendlela ezimbi. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, abaninzi bacinga ukuba i-hydro encinci yindlela enobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, kwaye ifaneleke ngakumbi kuluntu olukwiindawo ezikude.
AMANDLA OLWANDLE
Amandla olwandle avela kubuchwepheshe obusebenzisa amandla e-kinetic kunye ne-thermal yamanzi olwandle - amaza okanye imisinga umzekelo - ukuvelisa umbane okanye ubushushu.
Iinkqubo zamandla olwandle zisekwinqanaba lokuqala lophuhliso, kwaye kuhlolwa inani lezixhobo zamaza ohlobo oluthile kunye nezixhobo zamandla olwandle. Amandla ethiyori okusebenzisa amandla olwandle adlula lula iimfuno zamandla oluntu zangoku.
I-Bioenerygy
I-Bioenergy iveliswa ngezinto ezahlukeneyo eziphilayo, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-biomass, ezifana neenkuni, amalahle, ubulongwe kunye neminye imigquba yokuvelisa ubushushu namandla, kunye nezityalo zezolimo ze-biofuels ezingamanzi. Uninzi lwe-biomass lusetyenziswa kwiindawo zasemaphandleni ukupheka, ukukhanyisa kunye nokufudumeza indawo, ngokubanzi ngabantu abahlwempuzekileyo kumazwe asakhasayo.
Iinkqubo zebhayomass zanamhlanje ziquka izityalo okanye imithi enikezelweyo, iintsalela ezivela kwezolimo namahlathi, kunye nemijelo eyahlukeneyo yenkunkuma yendalo.
Amandla adalwe kukutshiswa kwe-biomass adala ukukhutshwa kwegesi ezibangela ubushushu, kodwa kumanqanaba aphantsi kunokutshisa amafutha efosili afana namalahle, ioyile okanye igesi. Nangona kunjalo, i-bioenergy kufuneka isetyenziswe kuphela kwiindawo ezilinganiselweyo, ngenxa yempembelelo embi enokubakho kwindalo enxulumene nokwanda okukhulu kwamahlathi kunye nezityalo zamandla e-bioenergy, kunye notshintsho olubangelwa kukugawulwa kwamahlathi kunye nokusetyenziswa komhlaba.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-29-2022